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HER GRACE THE DUCHESS OF BEDFORD.
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l^iograpl^ical and f^ictorial.
.^^:-B^e^^
PUBLISHED ONLY FOR SUBSCRIBERS.
PRICE £3 3s. PER COPY.
LONDON :
ALLAN NORTH, BAXTER LODGE, CLISSOLD PARK, N.
a*
1906.
;^i^
cJfe?Rt
SALTMARSH A SON,
I'lilSTEKS,
oS3, Hum ll(i.M), ToTTEKllAM,
MiDDLESKX.
— -vVVVv—
(olO
M6 M5g
contents.
His Grace The Duke of Bedford, K.G. (Lord Lieutenant of
Middlesex).
A. K. Carlyon, Esq., D.L., J.P. (HicxH Sheriff of Middlesex, 1906-7).
His Grace The Duke of Northumberland, K.G.
The Right Hon. The Earl of Jersey. P.C, G.C.B., G.C.M.G.
DL., J.P.
The Right Hon. The Earl Waldegrave, P.O., J.P.
The Right Hon. The Earl of Mansfield.
The Right Hon. The Earl Cadogan, K.G.
The Right Hon. The Earl of Bessborough, C.V.O., C.B., D.L.,
J.P.
The Right Hon. The Earl of Mexborough, D.L., J.P.
The Right Hon. The Earl of Lucan, K.P., J.P.
The Right Hon. Lord George Francis Hamilton, P.O., G.C.S.I.
The Right Hon. The Viscount Enfield, A.M.I.C.E., J.P.
1 1 09^1 O
The Right Hon. The Lord Sate and Sele, D.L., J.P., C.C.
The Right Hon. The Late Lord Arundell of Wardour, D.L., J.P.
The Right Hon. The Lord Fitzhardinge, D.L., J.P.
The Right Hon. The Lord Sandhurst, G.C.LE.. G.C.S.I., J.P.
The Right Hon. The Baroness Burdett-Coutts and Mr. W. L. A.
Bartlett-Burdett-Coutts, M.P.
The Right Hon. The Lord Hillingdon, D.L., J.P.
The Right Hon. The Lord Amherst op Hackney, D.L., J.P.
Colonel Sir Howard Vincent, Bart., M.P., K.C.M.G., C.B.,
D.L., JP.
Captain Sir Charles Gibbons, Bart., R.N., D.L , J.P.
Sir Frederick Dixon-Hartland, Bart., M.P., J.P.
Sir Cory Francis Cory-Wright, Bart., D.L., J.P.
Colonel Sir Alfred Somerset, K.C.B., D.L. J.P.
Adelaide Lady Somerset
Sir George Christopher Trout Bartley, K.C.B., J.P.
Sir Bradford Leslie, K CLE., J.P.
Sir Edward George Clarke, K.C.
Sir Richard Nicholson, F.S.A. *
Sir Hugh Gilzean-Reid, LL.D., J. P., D.L.
Sir John Glover, J.P.
Sir Ralph D. M. Littler, C.B., D L., J.P.
Sir William John Crump, J.P.
Commander Sir Hamilton Pym Freer-Smith, R.N.
Sir Clifton Robinson, J.P., Assoc.Inst.C.E., Mem.Inst.E.E.
Leopold de Rothschild., Esq., C.V.O., D.L., J. P.
A. H. Tarleton, Esq., R.N., M.V.O., D.L., J.P.
Captain C. B. Balfour, M.P., D.L., J.P.
Herbert Nield, Esq., M.P., J.P., M.C.C.
Thomas Bateman Napier, Esq., M.P., LL.D,, J.P.
Lieutenant-Colonel E. G. M. Donnithorne, J.P.
Montagu Sharpe, Esq., D.L., J.P.
Percival Bosanquet, Esq., D.L., J.P.
George Dunbar Whatman, Esq., D.L., J.P.
The Howard Family.
Joseph Howard, Esq., J.P.
Colonel H. F. Bowles, J.P.
P. W. P. Carlyon-Britton, Esq., J.P.
George William Barber, Esq., J.P.
Arthur Pye-Smith, Esq., J. P., A.I.C.E.
County Alderman George Wright, J.P.
W. J. Collins, Esq.
Colonel George Brodie Clark.
The Rev. W. E. Oliver, LL.D. (Vicar of Ealing).
The Rev. William Charles Howell, M.A.
Dr. J. F. Butler-Hogan, LL.B., D.P.H., etc.
Aldermah E. W. Sloper.
William Henry Presoott, Esq., A.M.LC.E., M.I.M.E., F.S.I., etc.
Joseph Box, Esq.
Edward Crownb, Esq.
HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF BEDFORD, K.G.,
The Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex.
Bis 6race CDe Duke of Beafora, K-6-
[ROMINENT amongst the noble Houses to which England is
deeply indebted for some of her wisest Statesmen is that of
Russell, of which the present head is Herbrand Arthur
Russell, K.G., nth Duke of Bedford, the Lord Lieutenant
and Gustos Rotulorum of Middlesex.
The Russells were important landowners in Dorset so early as
1202, for in that year John Russell (who held the Manor of Kingston
Russell by sergeancy to be Marshal of the King's buttery) paid fifty
marks to the Crown on his marriage with Rohesia Bardulf, widow of
Henry de la Pomerai of Berry Poraerai, County Devon. He was
afterwards, in 1220, Governor of Corfe Castle. Other branches of the
Russell fimily were about that time settled on lands in Dorset at
Kingston Lacy, Tyneham, Weymouth, Meleorabe Regis, West Holne
and Berwick in the parish of Swyre.
The lineal ancestor of the Earls and Dukes of Bedford was
Henry Russell, who was the Member of Parliament for Weymouth
and who was living in 1455. His great grandson, John Russell,
was the 1st Earl of Bedford, and was born in 1485. He
resided at Berwick, about four miles from Bridport. His rise
to fame was distinctly romantic in its origin. In 1506 the
Archduke Philip of Austria, only son of the Emperor Maximilian
I. and husband of Joanna, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella,
King and Queen of Castile and Arragon, was driven into
Weymouth by a storm whilst on his passage from Flanders to Spain.
He was received at Wolferton by Sir T. Trenchard, Knt., who sent to
inform Henry VTI. of the Prince's landing. While waiting the King's
instructions, Sir Thomas invited his kinsman, John Russell, who had
lately returned from the Continent with some knowledge of foreign
languages, to attend upon the Archduke. So well was the Prince
pleased with his new acquaintance, that when he was summoned to
Windsor, he was accompanied by John Russell, who quickly became a
favourite at Court and was appointed one of the gentlemen of the
Privy Chamber in 1507. He proved equally popular with Henry
VIII. and attended that monarch during his French wars. Honours
were bestowed upon him and he was advanced to the peerage under the
title of Baron Russell and created a Knight of the Garter in 1539.
When the great Monasteries were dissolved in 1540 he obtained a grant
of the lands formerly belonging to the Abbey of Tavistock. He was
made Lord High Admiral of England in 1542. Under Edward VI.
he obtained also a grant of the monastery lands at Woburn, Bedford-
shire, and was created Earl of Bedford in 1550. His lucky star
continuing in the ascendant, the Earl was appointed by Queen Mary an
ambassador to Spain, being charged with the special duty of escorting
to England her husband, Philip II. Dying in 1555, the Earl was
succeeded by his son Francis, who flourished under Queen Elizabeth.
The 5th Earl, who at the Restoration of Charles II. carried
St. Edward's sceptre, was in 1694 created Marquess of Tavistock and
Duke of Bedford. His second son was the distinguished patriot,
William Lord Russell, who was first returned to Parliament for the
County of Bedford in 1678. He was subsequently charged with high
treason as a partici^^ator in the Rye House Plot, declared guilty and
beheaded at Lincoln's Inn Fields, July 21st, 1684.
The 1st Duke of Bedford was succeeded by his grandson,
Wriothe.sley, son of William Lord Russell. The 2nd Duke, by his
marriage with Elizabeth, daughter and heir of John Howland of
Streatham, acquired a considerable fortune. His second son, John,
who subsequently succeeded as 4th Duke, was in 1756 Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland, and in 1762 was the Minister Plenipotentiary
to the Court of France, in which character he signed at Fontainebleau
the preliminaries of peace between France and Sjaain. John the 6th
Duke was also Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1806-7. The present
Duke's father, the 9th Duke, was Lord Lieutenant and Custos
Rotulorum tor the County of Huntingdon. He sat in Parliament as
the Member for Bedfordshire from 1847-72. He was succeeded in
his dignities by his eldest son, upon whose death without children in
1893, his brother, the present Duke, succeeded to the titles and estates.
As Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex the Duke of Bedford holds
a i^ost wbicli was filled by one of his ancestors, Lord Edwai-d Russell,
in 1700. The office is one which is hoary with ago and venerable in its
antiquity. The appointment is made by the Sovereign by Patent
under the Great Seal.
It is interesting to note that the office had its origin in the
occasional Commissions of Array issued by the Crown in times of
danger, requiring experienced persons to muster the inhabitants of the
Counties to whicli the Commissions were sent and organise them on
military lines. The historical student will remember that the Long
Parliament denied the right of the Crown to issue such Commissions,
and it was this very question which proved the immediate cause of the
breach between Chai-les I. and his subjects. The legality of the
Commissions was vindicated by a declaratory Act passed at the time
of the Restoration,
The Duke of Bedford by virtue of his position as Lord
Lieutenant of Middlesex, an office which he has held since 1898, is the
permanent local representative of the Crown and is at the head of the
Magistracy and Auxiliary Forces. He is the official channel of
communication between the Government and the Magistracy, and in
an emergency would be responsible for the preservation of public
tranquillity in the County.
His Grace, who was born on the 19th of February, 18.58, in
London, was educated at Balliol College, Oxford. In 1879 he joined
the Grenadier Guards, with which regiment he served during the
Egyptian Campaign of 1882, subsequently receiving the medal with
clasp and the Khedive's star. From 1884-88 he served as A.D.C.
to Lord Duffisrin, the Viceroy of India. His Grace still retains his
active interest in military matters and is Lieut. -Colonel Commanding
the 3rd Battalion Bedfordshire Regiment, as well as Hon. Colonel of
the 19th Middlesex R. V. and Hon. Colonel of the :3rd Vol. Battalion
Bedfordshire Regiment.
"O'
In 1900 the Duke of Bedford was the first Mayor of Holborn.
He is Chairman of the Bedfordshire County Council, as well as being
a Deputy Lieutenant and Justice of the Peace for that County.
Since 1899 His Grace has been President of the Zoological
Society of Loudon.
His Grace married, January 30th, 1888, Mary du Caurroy, a
Lady of Grace of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem and daughter of
the Veil. W. H. Tribe, late Archdeacon of Lahore, by whom he has issue
Hastings WilHam Sackville, Marquess of Tavistock. The Duchess of
Bedford is well known for the active interest which she takes in
natural history, and for her dexterity in riding^, fishing, and shooting.
When in town the Duke and Duchess of Bedford reside at 15,
Belgrave Square, S.W. They have numerous country seats, the
principal being Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire, which is famous for its
collection of pictures in which is included some of the best works of
Rembrandt, Murillo, Salvator Eosa, Claude Lorraine, Caspar Poussin,
Titian, Tintoretto, Bubens, Teniers, Canaletti and Both. Chief
amongst the treasures of Woburn Abbey is the Bacchanalian vase
which was purchased from Lord Cawdor in ] 800 for seven hundred
guineas, and which was dug from beneath the ruins of Adrian's Villa.
The Duke ot Bedford, who is a Liberal Unionist in politics, is a
staunch Churchman and the patron of twenty -five livings.
Amongst the other titles which appertain to the Russell family
are those of Marquess of Tavistock (1694) ; Earl of Bedford (1550) ;
Baron Russell of Chenies (1539) ; Baron Russell of Thornhaugh
(1603); Baron Howland of Streatham (1695). The family motto is
the philosophical dictum, " Che sara sara."
n. K- Carlpon, €$q-, DX-, 3.P-t
Riab Sberift of iKiaaiesex (1906)-
^H
|LDEST son of the Jate Rev. Philip Carlyon, M.A., formerly
Vicar of Wisbech St. Mary, Cambridgeshire, by his wife
Grace Julia, daughter of the late Colonel Keith Young
(71st Highlanders), of Holly Hill, Sussex, and Ascreavie,
Forfarshire, Mr. Alexander Keith Carlyon, of Mount Park, Harrow-
on-the-Hill, the present High Sheriff of Middlesex, was born April
30th, 1848. He was educated at Sherborne School, and was called to
the Bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1887.
Mr. Carlyon married April 24th, 1873, Julia Ann Augusta,
daughter of the late Major Carlyon, J.P., D.L., of Tregrehan,
Cornwall, and Alperton Lodge, Middlesex. He has one son, Tristrem,
who was born August 4th, 1877, educated at Harrow and St. John's
College, Oxford, and now a Lieutenant in the Royal Field Artillery,
and five daughters.
Both Mr. Carlyon and his wife belong to the ancient and
honoured Cornish f;imily of Cai'lyon of Tregrehan, which has had its
principal residences for centuries in the parishes of St. Austell and St.
Blazey. Mention of its members are to be found in Gilbert's and
other Histories of Cornwall, and Lysons in his " Magna Britannia "
says of them : —
" Carlyon of Tregrehan in St. Blazey — This family has been settled at
Tregrehan and at Menagvvins in St. Austell more than three centuries. There is
no document extant to confirm the conjecture, but it is most probable that they
were originally of the same stock as the Carlyons of Carlyon in Kea which barton
belonged at an early period to a family of that name. . . Carlyon or Carlion is
supposed by Tomas the ancient Rhymer whose Romaunce was published in 180 J
by Mr. Walter Scott to have been the residence of his hero Sir Tristrem. It is
worthy of remark, perhaps, that among the more remote ancestors of Mr.
Carlyon of Tregrehan Tristram occurs as a Christian name, in allusion probably
to this celebrated hero of romaunce whose name by Carew's mention of it
appears to have been well known in Cornwall."
Sir Walter Scott himself was interested in searching out the
locality and history of the "Carlion" mentioned by Tomas the Rhymer
in the following lines : —
Tristrems schep was yare
He asked his bensoun
The haven he gan out furr
It hight Carlioun.
Hals, another ancient historian of Cornwall, makes the following
remarks : —
" In this parish liveth Curlyon, gent, that married Hawkins." And he
goes on to say — " If I were admitted to judge or conjecture, I would say this
family of Cur-Lyon, by its name and arms were descendants of Richard Carlyon,
alias King Richard I."
\-.
Bis Grace CDc Duke of RortDumberlaiid, K-6-
^^
YON (or Sion) House is one of the most conspicuous
ornaments in the County of Middlesex. It stands in a
beautiful park which stretches from Brentford to Isleworth
along the bank of the river Thames.
The mansion is a large quadrangular building, with a square
tower at each angle faced with Bath stone, three stories high (including
the ground floor) and crowned with an embattled parapet. In the
centre of the west front is an embattled portico which affords a covered
way for carriages and serves as the grand entrance, a flight of steps
leading from it to the Great Hall. From this front a broad lawn
extends to the footpath to Isleworth, being flanked on either side by an
embattled square stone lodge.
The east or river front has an arcade extending the entire
length of the ground floor, between the towers. The projecting
central bay, which is carried the whole height of the building
was crowned on September 3()th, 1 874, with the wellknown
lion, mounted on his old arched pedestal, which, until its demolition,
graced the Strand froi:t of Northumberland House. This front with
the surrounding trees is seen to great advantage from the Thames, and
has certainly gained in dignity and picturesqueness by the addition of
the Percy crest, which aptly breaks the hard line of battlements.
The view is very charnung, the lawns bordered by noble trees
sloping down to the river which, as the boundary wall is sunk and
concealed, appears to flow through the grounds, Kew Gardens on the
opposite bank forming in semblance a part of the domain.
The Great Hall is a noble room 66ft. by 31ft, and 34ft. high.
The floor is of black and white marble, antique statues being placed
along the sides of the walls. It leads to the Vestibule which is
regarded as one of the richest, and most effective of Adams' apartments.
This is about 34ft. by 30ft. and 21ft. high. The twelve Ionic
columns of verd antique were found in the Tiber and purchased by the
Duke of Northumberland for £1,000 each. Sixteen pilasters of the
same costly material further ornament the apartment, while the floor is
of scagliola worked in patterns.
The Drawingroom, 44ft. by 2lft. and 21ft. high, is the most
sumptuous room in the house. The fittings, furniture and decorations
are of the richest and most costly kind, and ihe ornate ceilings,
chimney pieces, Mosaic tables and Roman antiques found in the Baths
of Tiberius, deserve attention as works of art as well as ornament.
In the Diningroom, a fine apartment mea.suring 62ft. by 2lf't.
and about 22lt. in lieight, the walls are relieved by marble pilasters.
There are several portraits, amongst them being those of former Dukes
and Duchesses of Northumberland by Reynolds, Barry, Lawrence, etc.,
and a portrait of Queen Charlotte by Reynolds. In an adjoining room
hang portraitsof Bonaparte and Wellington, Landseer's "Deerstalkers,"
and a ''Boarhunt" by Snyders.
In the corridors and smaller rooms ai-e portraits by Albert
Durer (of his father), Schoreel, Vandyck, Bernard Van Orley, and
other famous masters. There are also one or two portraits by Hans
Holbein. The other pictures include works of various degrees of merit
by Garofalo, Luca Giordano, Salvator Rosa, Both, Gaspar Poussin,
Teniers, and other masters of the various schools.
The Gallery, of which Horace Walpde claimed to have given
the idea, extends the entire length of the Eastern front, and is 135ft.
long, I4ft. wide, and 14ft. high. The walls and ceiling are
decorated with stucco work, and paintings in chiaroscuro. It is
arranged as a combined museum and library and contains, besides a
fine collection of books, numerous objects of antiquity, anil a splendid
vase of Irish crystal mounted in gold, which was presented by the
ladies of Ireland to a late Duchess of Northumberland when leaving
Ireland at the close of the Duke's Lord Lieutenancy.
The grounds are chaniiing. They were laid out by " CapabiHty "
Browne, but have since been much altered. The lawns are wide and
smooth, the trees and shi-ubs of unusual variety, size and beauty.
There are nia<j[nificent ced.U'S, the largest stonepines in England, silver
firs uf surprising h-ight, as well as many other varieties of the fir tribe,
spruces, poplars, Turkey oaks, cop])er beeches, Judas tr-ees, tulip trees,
magnolias, catalpas, large gr-oups of acacias, giant Portugal laurels, and
most of the ordinary park trees.
The gardens of Syon are of great extent and beauty, and have
long been celebrated. The Protector Somerset (the builder of the first
house) formed a botanic garden here, one of the first in England. It
h;is since been several times remodelled, its ])resent form being in the
main due to the late Richard Forrest. There are also excellent flower-,
fruit, and kitchen gardens. The Great Conservatory (designed by
Fowler) is in the form of a wide crescent, with pavilions at the
extremities, and a lofty central donre.
In the outbuildings are some fragments of Syon Monastery, and
tradition affirms that the ancient mulberry trees, now kept alive with
difficulty, once belonged to the Convent Gardens.
The Percy seat at the beautiful village of Albury, with its
magnificent trees and wonderful silent pool, is also a noted spot, both in
EcclesiasMcal as well as in Komari history. As r-egards the pcjol, there are
various tr-aditional stories connected wiih it, and these the late Martin
Tupper has utilis -d in his romance of " Stephen Langton." Albur-y
park is of a moderate size, but it is so s -eluded an 1 d usely wooded in
the part immediately overUxjking the mansion that it has a most
i"omantic a])pearance, ;ind as its boundaries in the east seem to blend
with the wild and beautiful common, it appears larger than it really is.
The grounds, which are admirably laid out, originally by John Evelyn,^
of "Sylvan" celebrity, formerly belonged to the Howards, Earls of
Arundel and Dukes of Norfolk, from whom it passed to the family of
Finches and was purchased in the year 1819 by tfie late Mr. Henry
Drummond, M.P., being for many years the seat of the Drummond
family. After this distinguish'jd politician's death, Albur-y came by
the uiarr-iage of his daughter with the Duke of Northumberland into
the possession of the Percies, and has been handed down to the present
Duke.
Henry George Percy, the 7th and pr-esent Duke of this noble
and illustrious House, in addition to being a Knight of the Garter, is
^Iso a Baronet and a Privy Couricillor, V.D,, F.R.S., D.C.L., and
F.S.A., and an A.D.C'. to Kiw'j; Edward VII. His Grace was born
On the 29th day of May, 184G, and was educated at Christ's Colleo'e,
Oxford. He is the eldest son of the 6th Duko, who niari-ied Miss
Louisa Drunnnond, and by whf>ni, as explained above, Albury park
came into the possession of the Percy family. The fitli Duke was
greatly interested in the lifeboat system, and in 1850 offered a valuable
prize for the best form of lifeboat.
The present Duke was in 1887 summoned to the House of
Lords in his father's Barony of Lovaine, and succeeded to the Dukedom
in 1899. In ISfiS his Grace married Lady Edith Campbell, a daughter
of the late 8th Duke of Argyll, K.G.
The original name of the family was "Smithson," derived from
one Hugh Smithson, a zealous Royalist who was created a Baronet in
16G0. Sir Hugh died in 1G70 and was succeeded by his son, Sir
Jerome Smithson, who died in 1G84. His son. Sir Hugh, thereupon
succeeded to the title. Dying in 1729, he was succeeded by his son.
Sir Hugh (4th Bart.) who in the year 1750 was created Duke of
Northumberland, and assumed by Act of Parliament the name of
Percy.
However proud the family may be, and undoubtedly are, of the
name, and "long roll" of eminent Percies, the original patronymic —
" Smith.son " — is not without honour. " The noble family of North-
umberland," says a distinguished writer, " have always been famed for
their hospitality and humanity. The name of ' Smithson ' has obtained
fame of an adjectival form in the United States, where the munificence
of an Englishman (who claimed some kind of connection with the
noble family of Northumberland) has given that country the opportunity
of raising a noble institution for the advancement and popularisation
of science."
As regards the Percies, William de Percy (one of His Grace's
ancestors) was greatly in favour with King William I., who gave him
a Barony. He took pai-t in the first Crusade and died in siglrt of the
City of Jerusalem, in the year 1096. The 3rd Baron's daughter,
Agnes de Percy, married a descendant of Charlemagne, Joscaline, who
assumed the name of Percy. The 0th feudal Bai-on, and 1st Baron
Percy of Parliament, was one of the noble lords who in the year 1.391
signed the letter to Boniface III., notifying that the King of England
was not to be answerable to any Tril)unal for his rights. The 4th
Lord became Earl of Northumberland and his eldest son was the
celebrated Hots^^ur who fought at Otterburn (Chevy Chase) in the
year 1888, and fell at Slirew.sl)uiy in the year 1403. The Eavl also
fell fio-htino- against Henry IV. in 1408 at Bramham Moor. The
2nd Earl, his grandson, fell figlitiiig for Henry VI. at St. Albans,
in the year 1455. Tiie Or I 111 irl lei th i van of the L iioa-trians it
Towton in the year 14G1. The 4th Earl was required by Henry VTI.
to raise a subsidy in his County, but he was slain in the year 1489 by
the populace in his house. John Dudley, Duke of NDithuuiberland,
an eminent statesman, was beheaded in the Tower in the year 1553.
The title having become extinct, it was renewed with the 5th
Earl's grandson, who conspired against Queen Elizabeth, and was, ia
the year 1572, beheaded at York, avowing to the last the Pop-'s
supremacy. The 8th Earl, his brother, was suspected of favouring
Mary, Queen of Scots, and, in 1585, was found dead in the Tower of
London. The 9th Earl was most severely treated about the year
1665, vigorous efforts, wdiich completely failed, being made to prove
that he had been connected with the Gunpowder Plot. The 10th
Earl promoted the Parliamentary interests, but afterwards advocated
and supported those of Charles II.
For a second time, the title became extinct with the 11th Earl
who died in the year 1G70. King Charles II. in the year 1674 created
the Duchess of Cleveland's third son, George Fitzroy, Earl and then
Duke of Northumberland. Elizabeth, daughter of the 11th Earl,
married in the year 1682, Charles, Duke of Somerset. Her eldest son
was the first of the present Earls of Northumbei'land, being raised to
the dignity in the year 1749. His daughter Elizabeth, married the
before-mentioned Sir Hugh Sniithson, Bart., who was created Earl
Percy in the year 17G6. Such are a few of the interesting events
connected with His Grace's ancestry, and the early devolutions of the
titles attached to the Dukedom and Earldoms.
The other titles connected with the Dukedom are Earl of
Northumberland, Baron Warkworth (1749), Earl Percy (1766) Eirl
of Beverley (1790), Lord Lovaine, l>aron of Alnwick (1784). Som^
former titles l)elonging to this house h;ive passed to the Dukedom of
Atholl. The present Duke is appropriately enough Lo;-d Lieutenant
of the County of Northumberland, which being literally inter[)reted
signifies "lands north of the river Humber;"
From 1868-85 His Grace was Treasurer of Queen Victoria's
Household. From 1874-75 he was President of the Archaeological
Institute, and from 1884-92 a Trustee of the British Museum. As
Earl Percy he sat from 1868-85 in the House of Commons as the
Conservative Member for North Northumberland.
The Duke of Northumberland is a staunch Conservative and at
the present time occupies the highest position in the most important
of the leading (.Constitutional Associations,
In the House of Lords His Grace's utterances command the
most profound respect, and there is scarcely a benevolent, literary, or
scientific institution in the United Kingdom that does not receive
both sympathetic, as well as financial and other support, whenever an
appeal is made for the exercise either of the Duke's power or
benevolence.
Many generations of this illustrious House resided when in
London at the ancient historic "Northumberland House." This
noble ancestral home of the Percies was situated at Charing Cross,
near Parliament Street, and was ea.sily recognisable by the blue Lion
Statant (the crest of the Percies). For nearly three centuries it stood,
a most conspicuous feature in London — or rather Westminster - but
in order to make room for pressing modern improvements, viz., a new
thoroughfari^ from Charing Cross to the Victoria Enjbankment, the
stately mansion was demolished in the autumn of 1874. Though a
somewhat dull, plain building, its unusually massive character caused
it to .stand out in bold relief from the adjacent structures, and this,
combined with all its historic associations, endowed it with a
considerable amount of dignity. According to the antiquary Pennant,
the building originally stood on the site of a certain Chapel, or
Hospital of St. Mary, which had been founded in the leign of Henry
HI. by William Eail of Pembroke, on a piece of ground which he had
given to the Priory of Rouncivalle, in Navarre.
The present Duke's town residence is 2, Grosvenor Place, S.W.
His clubs are the Carlton, Travellers', and St. Stejjhen's.
In addition to the residences at Syon and Alhury, His Grace
inherits from his ancestors many generations removed, numerous otiier
magnificent seats, compiising no fewer than four ancirnt Castles all in
the County of Is'orthumberland, these being the Castles of Alnwick,
Kielder, Warkwoith and Prudhoe, which have been intimately
associated with many important and stirring events in English History.
Centuries ago, the family wt re forced to surrender them to the State,
but "the Percies" are still their proud possessors, for, happily, in
more quiet and conscientious times they were restored. It was at
Alnwick Castle in the sumiuer of the present year (1906) that the
Duke and Duchess of Northumbei'land had the honour of cntcrtainin'jf
King Edward and Queen Alexandra, and there the King was shown
ainonofst other treasures ancient books and MSS which in the olden
times belonged to his predecessors ou the Throne of England.
Amongst these was Anne Boleyn's " Book of Ecclesiastes," having
annotations written in the margin by the unfortunate Queen ; and
the " bherborne Mi>sal," which ranks amongst the most ]iriceless
MSS in the world. It is in abbreviated Latin, being illuminated with
allegorical figures and stories of tlie saints. Here, too, is also Henry
VIII. 's own private Prayer-book, having his signature upon the fly-
leaf, and which was presented by him to Queen Margaret of Scotland.
His Grace is the Patrou of twenty-six ecclesiastical livings,
spread over an extensive area of four Counties, viz., Northumberland,
Durham, Yorkshire, and Surrey. The Duke is greatly interested in
Ecclesiastical matters, and few lay Patrons exercise a sounder discretion
in the selection and appointment of Clergy for the spiritual livings at
their dis])osal.
THE RIGHT HON.
THE EARL OF JERSEY, P.C, G.C.B., G.C.M.G., D.L., J.P.
Cbc Right Bon. Cftc €arl of Jcrscp,
P.C, 6.C.B., 6.C.m.6., D.C, J.p.
IF Royal descent and belonging to a race the members of which
have continuously been honoured by intimate association with
the reigning Monarch, the Right Hon. The Earl of Jersey
has worthily upheld the best traditions of his family. Born
in 1845, he is the eldest son of the 6th Earl and Julia, eldest daughter
of the late Right Hon. Sir Robert Peel, Bart. He was educated at
Eton and Baliol College, Oxford, and succeeded his father in 1859.
From 1875-77 the Earl of Jersey was a Lord in Waiting to
Queen Victoria, while from 1889-90 he was Paymaster-General. As
GovfTUor-General of New South Wales, which post he lield from 1 890-
1893, Lord Jersey has had the opportunity of studying Colonial needs
at first hand, and his experience in this office has since often stood liim
in good stead when in debate need has arisen for confuting with the
knowledge gained by practical experience the windy periods of orators
whose arguments had no basis but theory. From 1904-5 his Lordship
was Acting Agent-General for New South Wales in London and in
the latter year attended the International Agricultural Conference at
Rome as British Delegate.
Lord Jersey has always shown himself actively interested in
County affairs. He has been Lord T lieutenant and Gustos Rotulorum
for Oxfordshire since 1887, is a member of the Oxfordshire County
Council and an Alderman for Middlesex, besides fulfilling the duties of
Justice of the Peace for Middlesex and Oxtordshire and those of a
Justice of the Peace and Deputy Lieutenant for Warwickshire. He
was formerly a Cornet in the Oxfordshire Yeomanry.
As Chairman of the Light Railway Commission of 189G-1905,
Lord Jersey displayed considerable tact and business ability, combined
with that patience which is a sine qua non for the proper holding of so
important a position. As a County man whose rural journeyings have
made him well acquainted with the necessities of outlying districts, his
Lordship must view with intense satisfaction the advantages already
resulting from even the early stages of the Light Railway movement.
While motor cars are the luxury of the well-to-do, the poorer members
of the community now possess in the electric tramways a means of
locomotion which not only aids them materially in their business
undertakings, but also helps them at leisure times to secure some of
that fresh air and change of environment which the toilers of to-day
find so essential to their well-beinsf.
'&•
In the banking world the Earl of Jersey is well known as one
of the principal proprietors of Child's Bank, Amongst Freemasons,
also, his is a name to conjure with, for he has been Provincial Grand
Master of Oxfordshire since 1885.
The Earl of Jersey married in 1872, the Hon. Margaret
Elizabeth Leigh, eldest daughter of the second Lord Leigh, and has
two sons and three daughters, his heir being known as Viscount
Villiers.
The family history of the Villiers is one of great interest.
Their descent is traced from the Villiers, Seigneurs of L'Isle Adam, in
Normandy, a member of which house came over to England with
William the Conqueror. Subsequent to tlie coming of the Norman,
records show that Pagan de Villiers was Lord of Crosby in Lancashire
and also possessed Newbold in Nottinghamshire, which his posterity
held until the reign of Edward III. This Pagan was a witness to the
Foundation Charter of Roger of Poictou to the monastry of Lancaster
and flourished in the reigns of \^'illiam II. and Henry I.
To a Gilbert de Villers King John granted for homage and
service "all the mediety which he possessed in the vicarage and mill of
Mesnascel." Anotlier descendant of the Norman Villiers, Sir Nicholas
de Villiers, in 1268 followed Edward I. to the Holy Land. In the
26th year of Edward IIL's reign, this Nicholas's second son, Geoflery,
who had succeeded his elder brother to the the title and estates, was
LADY JERSEY.
one of the knights for the County of Leicester in the Parliament held
at Westuiinster. ' Sir George Villiers, Knight of Brokesby, was a person
of note in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, being Sherift' for the County
of Leicester in 1591. Sir George married twice. By his second wife,
who survived her husband and was created Countess of Buckingham in
1618, he had three sons, one of whom was the famous George, Duke of
Buckingham, the celebrated favourite of James I. and Charles I., and
who was the chief promotor of the family fortunes.
Edward, Sir George's second son by his first wife, was in 1620
sent as an Ambassador to Bohemia, and in 1622, as the result of the
influence of his half brother, the Duke of Buckingham, was appointed
to the Presidency of Munster, in Ireland, on the death of the Ear! of
Thoinond. To the grief of the whole population he died in 1626 and
was buried in the Earl of Cork's Chapel at Youghal where these lines
attest the esteem in which he was held — ■
Munster may curse the time when Villiers came
To make us worse by leaving such a name
Of noble parts as none can imitate,
But those whose hearts are married to the State,
But that they press to imitate his fame
Munster may bless the time when Villiers came.
Sir Edward's fifth son, Sir Edward Villiers, Knight of Richmond,
was for his gallantry as a military officer knighted by Charles II. in
1680 and was appointed Knight Marshal of the Household and
Governor of Tynemouth Castle. From Charles II. he had a grant of
the Manor of Richmond. His wife was governess to the Princesses
Mary and Anne, daughters of James II., both of whom were afterwards
Queens of England. It was tlie eldest son of this marriage, Edward
Villiers, who wan the first Earl of Jersey. He was created Baron
Villiei's of Hoo, County Kent, and Viscount Villiers (peerage of
England) in 1691 and Earl of the Island of Jersey (peerage of
England) in 1697. He was successively Special Ambassador to the
Hague, Ambassador to the States General, and to France. Other
offices which he filled were those of Lord Justice of Ireland, Secretary
of State, Master of the Horse, Lord Chamberlain of the Household
and Knight Marshal. He died in 1711 and it was his grandson, the
third Earl of Jersey, who succeeded his kinsman as 6th Viscount
Grandison.
It was throunfh the marriage of this third Earl that the Villiers
are entitled to quarter the Royal Arms of I'lantagenet. In 1733 he
married Lady Anne Egerton, widow of Wriothesley, third Duke of
Bedford and daughter of Scroojj Egerton, Hrst Duke of Bridgewater,
who was directly descended from Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, by
his marriage with Mary, Queen Dowager ot France, sister and co-heir
of King Henry VIII.
Besides being Earl of Jersey, the head of the Villiers family is
also Viscount Grandison of Limerick in the County of Leitrim,
Viscount Villiers of Dartford, and Baron Villiers of Hoo, Kent.
Special interest attaches to the Viscountcy of Grandison, which was
lirst brought into the family through the wife of the above-mentioned
Sir Edward Villiers. Her uncle, Sir Oliver St. John, was in 1620
created Viscount Grandison in the Peerage of Ireland, with remainder
to liis neice Barbara who, as we have said, was the wife of Sir Edward
Villiers. Upon his death in 1630, the 1st Viscount was succeeded by
his grand-nejihew, William Villiers, the eldest son of Barbara and a
zealous partizan of Charles I., for whom he fought so valiantly at
Bristol in 1643 that he died from the wounds then received. John, the
5th Viscount, was in 1721 created Earl Grandison in the Peerage of
Ireland. Upon his death in 1766 the Earldom became extinct, but he
was succeeded in the Viscountcy by his kinsman William the 3rd Earl
of Jersey, who was one of the Gentlemen of the Bedchamber to
Frederick, Prince of Wales, at whose funeral in 1751 he was one of
the pall bearers. This Earl's successor and son, the 4th Eai'l of
Jersey, was successively a Lord of the Admiralty, Lord Chamberlain
of the Household and Master of the Buckhounds. His son George,
the 5th Earl, married in 1804 Sarah Sophia, eldest daughter of John,
10th Earl of Westmorland by Sarah, daughter and sole heir of Robert
Child, Esq., of Osterley Park, and by Royal Licence he assumed the
additional surname of Child in 1821. He was twice Lox'd Chamberlain
to William IV. and twice Master of the Horse to Queen Victoria.
Dying in 1859, he was succeeded by his son George Augustus
Frederick, the father of the present holder of the title, who upheld the
Conservative interest in Parliament as the Member successively for
Honiton, Weymouth and Cirencester.
Osterley Park, the Earl of Jersey's Middlesex seat, possesses an
interesting history and has been the scene of many an important and
noble gathering. In 1508 it was bequeathed by the then jjossessor,
Hugh Denys, to the Prior and Convent of Sheen, subsequently being
conveyed to the Abbess and Conv^ent of Sion. Upon the Suppression
of the Monasteries, it was granted by the King to Henry Marquess of
Exeter. Reverting to the Crown upon his attainder, it was given in
1557 to Augustus Thier. Between this period and 1570 it came into
the possession of Sir Thomas Gresliaui, to whom London is indebted
for its iioyal Exchange. Sir Thomas began to rebuild the Manor
House, but it was not completed until 1577. Norden describes it as
'• a faire and stately building of brick" and speaks of '• a very faire
heronrie " which existed in the Park.
But Sir Thomas fi)und it quite impossible to absolutely leave his
money-making behind him in London, and within the park he erected
paper, oil, and corn mills, the motive power tor which he found in the
lakes. On one occasion Queen Elizabeth paid Sir Thomas a visit at
Osterley, and took exception to the size of the courtyard before it,
thinking the house would look better were it divided into two. With
marvellous rapidity, Sir Thomas summoned workmen from London ;
and while the Queen slept the suggested wall became a fact. Com-
menting upon the speed with which the work was eftected, one of the
courtiers, with the {tunning wit of the day, is said to have observed
that " it was no wonder he who could build a Change could so soon
change a building " ; whilst another, less kind, reflected upon the
internal troubles of the Gresham family, by remarking that "a house is
more easily divided than united."
Sir Edward Cook was a later resident at Osterley, and after
him it was occupied by the Earl of Desmond, who married one of the
co-heiresses of the estate, and made Osterley his residence for many
years. The next owner was Sir Williun Waller, the Parliamentary
General, who lived here until his death in 1G68. The subsequent
occupant was Dr. Barton, a great projector known by his treatise
published in 1696 on "the expediency of coining the new money lighter."
which was written in answer to a pamphlet by Locke, who advanced the
opposite view. By Dr. Barton the estate was mortgaged to Sir Thomas
Child, subsequently passing to the Earl of Jersey by his marriage with
the grand-daughter of Robert Child, Esq.
The greater portion of Sir Thomas Gresham's structure was
pulled down by Sir Francis Child in 17(50, when he began to
rebuild. In form the house resembles a quadrangle enclosing a central
court. Upon the north-east or priiiGi[)al front, where was the court
divided to please Queen Elizabeth, there is now a grand portico
composed of twelve Ionic columns which support an angular pediment,
the tympanum of which, together with the roofing of the portico, is
richly ornamented. The stables and one of the square turrets which
stand at the corners of the building are the only remaining portions
of the mansion erected by Sir Thomas Gresham.
The interior was furnished by Robert Child, Esq., who
succeeded to the j^ossession on the death of Sir Francis Child in 1763.
The great entrance hall is adorned with stucco work and the staircase
is embellished with a ])aintii)g by Uubeus representing the apotheosis
of William, Prince of Orange, which was brought from Holland by Sir
Francis Child.
In the gallery are pictures by Rubens, Vandyck and Romney,
among the most notable of them being portraits of the Earl and
Countess of Westmorland and of George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham
The beautiful library contains a valuable collection of books which are
kept in highly carved and ornamental cases. The mansion stands in
the centre of a well kept park of some 350 acres, diversified by three
broad sheets of water and a quantity of fine timber, the whole
comprising a very rich and extensive landscape.
The Earl of Jersey has also a residence at Middleton Park,
Bicester. His clubs are the Carlton and the Junior Carlton.
Cbe Rigbt l>on.
Cbe €arl Waldcsrauc, P.C, J.p.
fIS Lordship, who was born on the 2nd March, 1851, is the
son of the late Viscount Chewton, and the only daughter of
Captain Bastard, R.N. He was educated at Eton and
Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took his M.A.
Deo-ree. In 1859 he succeeded his orandfather.
o
From 1886-92 Lord Waldegrave served as a Lord-in-Waiting
to Queen Victoria, and again from 1895-96, in which latter year he
was appointed Captain of the Yeomati of the Guard, a position he held
till the change of Government in 1906. From 1889-96 his Lordship
was the second Conservative Whip in the House of Lords, and since
1896 he has been the Chief Whip.
Earl Waldegrave has been an Hon. Commissioner in Lunacy
since 1899. He served in the London Riile Brigade for 28 years and
retired in 1901 with the rank of Hon. Lieutenant -Colonel. His
Lordship was Chairman of the National Rifle Association from 1891-96
and is at the present time Vice-Chairman, and is always ready to urge
the importance of seeing that so far as possible the vital matter of
Home Defence is properly provided for.
Earl Waldegrave married in 1874, Lady Mary Dorothea
Palmer, daughter of the 1st Earl of Selborne, and has one son,
Viscount Chewton, and two daughters.
The noble Earl is a man of wide general knowledge and literary
culture. He is '.veil versed in home and foreign matters and is a keen
student of the times. A staunch Conservative, his views are by no
means of an antiquated or autocratic character. He sees clearly that
the spirit of the age is unmistakably in the direction of progress, and
so far from being opposed to progress, Lord Waldegrave fiivours it,
providing, of course, that it be of a really constitutional character.
He certainly has no sympathy with the policy of the extreme
Kadicals, considering that the Conservative Party are the truest
friends of the people and consequently the better deserving of the
country's support.
The surname of this family is derived from a place in
Northamptonshire originally written Walgrave. So far back as 1205
a John de Walgrave served as Sheriff of London. His great grandson.
Sir Richard Walgrave, Knight of Smallbridge, Suffolk, having
represented that County in the reigns of Edward III. and Richard II.,
was Speaker of the House of Commons under the latter King.
His son, Sir Richard Walgrave, Knight, in the right of his
mother was styled Lord of Bures and Silvesters. He was enjoined,
with Lord Clinton, Sir John Howard and Lord Falconbridge, in 1 402,
to keep the seas, and landing 10,000 men in Brittany won the town of
Conquet and Isle of Rhe. His grandson was knighted for valour on
Towton Field, March 20th, 1461.
Another celebrated ancestor of the family was Edward
Waldegrave, who felt fully the differences of religious opinion shared
by the Tudor monarchs. By Edward VI. he was sent to the Tower
because he did not forbid the celebration of Mass in the Household of
the Princess Mar3\ When she became Queen he was, of course, in
favour and \va^ niade by lier a Privy Councillor. But the wheel
turned again when Elizabeth was on the throne and for a second time
he sojourned in the Tower, where he died. His grandson. Sir Edward
Waldegrave, was indeed a saliant Knight. At the age of seventy he
took u]3 arms on behalf of Charles I. when the Civil War broke out
and as some recognition of his prowess he was by the King created a
Baronet in 1G43. At a skirmish at Saltash in Cornwall, he had the
triunipli of personally taking forty prisoners. Verily, there were giants
in those days !
The 4th Baronet was in 1685 made Baron Waldegrave of
Chewton, Somerset, and was appointed Comptroller of the King's
Household. James, the 2nd Baron, was made Viscount Chewton and
Earl Waldegrave in 1729, also being appointed a Privy Councillor and
a Knight of the Garter in 1738.
The 2nd Earl was Governor and Privy Pui'se to George III.
when Prince of Wales, also serving in a similar capacity Prince
Edward, Duke of York.
In the neighbourhood of the family seat at Chewton Priory,
Bath, and on his other estates. Earl Waldegrave enjoys the reputation
of being a very considerate landlord. Both in Somerset and in
Middlesex, for which County he is a Justice of the Peace, he is also
known as a generous supporter of numerous deserving public
movements and institutions. His Lordship is a devoted student of
natural history, and is very fond of shooting. He is the owner of a
fine gallery of pictures, included in which are some of the best examples
of the work of Reynolds and Gainsborough.
Earl Waldegrave's toAvn residence is 20, Bryanston Square, W.
His clubs are the Carlton and Constitutional.
TSE LA.TE THE RIG ST HON. THE EA.RL OF MANSFIELD, P.O.
Che Rifibt Ron. Che €arl of mansfieia.
■■•■■^-?
[HOUGH its distant views have been somewhat curtailed by
the incessant growth of London and its outer rings, Ken
Wood, the Middlesex seat of the Earl of Mansfield, is one of
the most beautiful estates in the County. Those who are
experts in forestry believe that the mighty oaks and beeches still to be
seen in its verdant glades are the real descendants of the primaeval
giants of the ancient Forest of Middlesex, of which Ken Wood was
once an integral part.
As to the origin of the name, historians have suggested several
theories based upon the different spellings which have at various times
been used, namely Caenwood, Kanewood, Canewood and Kenwood.
Lysons believed it was not improbable that both this estate and what
he describes as "the neighbouring hamlet of Kentish Town, which in old
records is written Kentesstonne," were both called after the name or
title of some very remote possessor. He calls to mind that one of the
Deans of St. Paul's was a Reginald de Kentewode and suggests that
either he ar one of his ancestors derived their name from living near a
wood so called. Loudon prefers to think that the name was derived
from the " kerns " or oaks witli which its site was formerly covered ;
while Lloyd holds the opinion that it is simply taken from the Norman
town of Caen, because the Conqueror after coming to England gave
the lands to a relation of his own who, having assoclatioas with the
French town, decided to call his new possessions after it.
The earliest mention found of Ken Wood dates from the time
of the suppression of the Monasteries, when records show that the
monks of Waltham had an estate in the parish of St. Pancras called
Canelond with woods, fishponds, etc., of the yearly value of £13.
Between 1640 and 1642, Sir James Harrington resided at Ken
Wood. He was so active a Commonwealth man that he deemed it
wiser to flee over the seas when the Restoration was brought about in
order to escape the arrest which nearly overtook him.
Subsequently, Mr. John Bill the younger, whose father, Jolin
Bill, one of the King's printers, had been sequestrated for delinquency
by the Long Parliament, acquired the property. Before making his
purchase he wrote and asked the advice of Sir Harry Vane who was
then (1658) resident at Hampstead. Sir If arry reported that " the
estate of Ken Wood appears to me to require handling well. The
home desnaesne is particularly good and capable of much improvement."
He goes on to say that he considers the price asked is too high by £100
and, in fine, advises young Bill to leave the matter alone. But Mr.
Bill evidently preferred to disregard this pronouncement, for he com-
pleted the purchase in 1660. The estate was then described as con-
sisting of 250 acres of land, well covered with timber, while the house is
mentioned as " a capital messuage of brick, wood and plaster."
Amongst other appanages of the estate there were eight cottages, the
fishponds which had formerly supplied the monks of Waltham with
their fastday fish, and a windmill which was no doubt the Manor Mill
and a source of profit to the Lord, since all the tenants were compelled
to grind their corn there at his own price.
It was barely a year later that Mr. Bill had for his neighbours
the Fifth Monarchy men, those politico-religious enthusiasts whose
leaders, having been imprisoned in consequence of their conspiracy
against Cromwell in 1657, had but recently been liberated. Under the
command of Venner, a militant cooper, they were driven out of Lon-
don and took refuge in Ken Wood. There for three days in mid-
winter flew their banner with its wild motto, " The King Jesus with
their heads at the gate," and there they kept their stronghold till
Raresby rode out from the City with a band of soldiers and surrounded
them. Venner showed fisfht to the last and was not taken until
severely wounded.
Mr. Bill died in 1680 and the estate then passed into the hands
of other families. In 1698 it was the home of Mr. William Bridges,
Surveyor General of the Ordnance. When Mackey wrote his " Tour
through England" in 1720, Ken Wood had become the property of
Dale, an upholsterer who had purchased it as a result of his speculations
in connection with '■ The South Sea Bubble." But liis good fortune
('.id not hold long, for he mortgaged it to Lord Hay for ,£1,675. He
was unable to redeem his pledge and in October, 1724, the Courts
ordered him within six months to pay the mortgagee the sum of
ii 1,907 7s. 6d. This he was unable to do and the estate consequently
passed into Lord Hay's possession.
The matter is especially interesting as showing how the value of
the estate had increased. Whereas in the time of Henry VIII. the
monks of Waltham only considered it to be worth £18 per annum, and
in 1724 a portion of it which covered twenty-two acres was considered
to b^ worth less than £100 per acre ; yet, by 1892, when the late Lord
Mansfield sold part of it for public purposes, he was able to demand
his jmce of £1,000 per acre and also to insist upon certain fencing,
etc., being carried out by the purchaser.
In the same year that Lord Hay recovered the estate, the
famous Duke of Argyle purchased it and at his death left it to liis
nephew. Lord Bute. The latter married the only daughter of the
celebrated Lady Mary Wortley Montague, the some time friend and
correspondent of Horace Walpole and Pope. To pay his debts, ho
sold it in 1755 to Lord Mansfield, the famous Judge and the lifelong
companion and friend of some of the greatest wits of his time.
Lord Chief Justice Mansfield was one of the principal founders
of the fortune of his House which traces Its descent from Sir William
Murray of Tullibardine who died about 1511 leaving issue William,
ancestor of the Dukes of AthoU and Sir Andrew Murray, who married
the heiress of Balvaird.
Sir David Murray (of Gospertie), 1st Viscount Stormont, was
the cupbearer of James VI. He became a great favourite with that
monarch, having been instrumental in saving his life from the attempt
made upon it by the Earl of Gowrie and his brother. In IGO-S he
accompanied the King to England and was created Lord Scone in
1605, having previously obtained a grant of the Abbey of Scone. In
1621 he was created Viscount Stormont.
His descendant was the celebrated 1st Earl of Mansfield,
William Murray. Ho was a younger son of the 5th Viscount Stormont,
and was born at Scone, March 2nd^ 1705. He received his education at
Westminster School and Christchurch, Oxford, iieing called to the Bar
in 1730, he subsequently attained the highest reputation in his profession,
his eloquence earning for him the appellation of " the silver-tongued
Murray." In 1742 he was appointed Solicitor General, becoming in
1754 Attorney General. Two years later he was made Lord Chief
Justice of England, being at the same time elevated to the peerage as
Baron Mansfield of Mansfield in the County of Nottingham. In 1776
he was created Earl of Mansfield in the Peerage of Great Britain.
Of critics the 1st Earl has had many, but all who have studied
his life have acknowledged his possession of the virtues of courage,
faith and self reliance. His clients, of whom Sarah, Duchess of
Marlborough, was one, were not slow to discover his good points.
That George II. thoroughly appreciated him is seen from the following
anecdote. When Lord Mansfield was appointed Attorney General, he
felt thei-e was a possibility of his loyalty to the Hanoverian cause being
attacked in the House of Commons, and on the ground that the holder
of so important a post should not be even suspected of high treason,
offered to resign. The King's i"eply proved his discernment, for it was
— " Sir, were I able to replace you with as able a man as yourself,
I might, perhaps, permit you to give up your place."
It was from Lord Mansfield's li[is that first fell the celebrated
dictum that the air of England is too pure for a slave to breathe and
that ever}' man who inhales it is free, this being his decision pronounced
in favour of a runaway negro, James Somerset. As a Judge he also
decided against the barbarous custom of wreckinsf • he was in favour
of freedom of religious opinion ; gave literary copyright to authors
and is considered to have been " the founder of the commercial law of
the country."
That he knew how to be good to those less fortunate than
himself is shown by an old record which preserves the fact that on
January 1st, 1773, he entertained at Ken Wood (a spelling which he
himself is alwaj^s said to have favoured) four hundred people, giving
each after dinner half a crown and a quartern loaf.
But in June, 1780, he became unpopular by reason of his voting
in favour of the Bill for the relief of Catholics. In the course of the
Gordon Riots the mob became so inflamed by this knowledge that they
sacked his house at Bloomsbury, burning his library and valuable
notebooks, and doing calculable damage to the extent of £30,000. Not
satisfied with thus having shown their views, they proceeded to march
to Ken Wood, intent upon doing similar mischief there. They were
frustrated by the tactful behaviour of the landlord of The Spaniards
KEN WOOD, HIGHGATE.
Inn, which stands just outside the walls of the Ken Wood desmense.
The weather was hot, the mob tired and thirsty. The landlord invited
as many as could to rest at The Spaniards and enjoy his famous ale ;
while the rest of the crowd were, at his instigation, encouraged to camp
in the roadway while they enjoyed the contents of barrels hastily
procured from the Ken Wood cellars. Meanwhile, urgent messengers
were sent Citywards, with the result that the military appeared to find
a mob whose truculence had vanished under the soothing influence of
drink, and Ken Wood was saved.
Lord Mansfield's freedom from viudictiveness is seen in his
acquittal of Lord George Gordon who, for his part in the riots, was
tried before him on a charge of high treason.
He was utterly opposed to the severe tendency of the laws of
his day. On one occasion he was trying a man accused of stealing
a trinket. So that the extreme sentence might be avoided. Lord
Mansfield urged the jury to declare the value of the article as less than
ten shillings. The jeweller pleaded that its chief worth lay in the
fashioning of it, whereupon the Lord Chief Justice said — " Gentlemen,
we ourselves stand in need of mercy. Let us not hang a man for the
fashion's sake."
In 1788 Lord Mansfield resigned his office, and spent the
remainderof his time at Ken Wood. With the 2nd Earl of Mansfield
it was also a very favourite residence. He was one of the most
enthusiastic supporters of the opposition to the attempt made in his
time to enclose parts of Hampstead Heath. In 1835 the 3rd Earl
and his Countess had the honour of entertaining at Ken Wood King
William IV. and Queen Adelaide, their Majesties being present at a
garden party held there. Their semi-state entry into Hampstead, and
the many joys which marked the occasion are still remembered in the
locality.
Succeeding his grandfather (who lived to the advanced age of
92 and was for many years the " Father" of the House of Lords) in
1898, the 5th Earl was for years an honoured and always popular
figure in Highgate and Hampstead, for he entered keenly into the
local life of the districts and conscientiously did his utmost to promote
the best welfare of the people in numerous ways. Always hospitable
and generous. Lord Mansfield was ever ready to bestow his influence
and even when he was unable to be personally present he would
frequently lend the spacious grounds of Ken Wood for public purposes.
Born in 1860 he was the eldest of the five sons of the late
Viscount Storniont, son of the 4th Earl of Mansfield by his marriage
with Emily Louisa, eldest daughter of Sir John Atholl Macgregor,
3rd Baronet of Macgregor. For some years he served in the
Grenadier Guards, but after his father's death in 1893 he retired in
order to assist his grandfather in the management of the propert3^
But at the time of the South African War he showed his readiness to
actively aid his country by joining the Royal Guards Reserve
Regiment in which he stayed until it was disbanded in 1901.
In Scotland, as in Highgate, Lord Mansfield was active in
aiding the administrative work of the districts in which his property
was situated, serving as member of School Boards, District and
County Committees and in other ways taking the position to which
his large possessions entitled him. He presided with success over one of
the Scottish private bill procedure committees and was Chairman of
the Royal Commission on Physical Culture in Scotland.
Unionist in politics, Lord Mansfield was at the head of the
organisation of the party in Perthshire and was an active supporter
of the Unionist Associations of Hampstead and St. Pancras. His
sudden death on April 29, 1906, from acute pneumonia, at his Castle
of Comlongon, Ruthwell, Dumfriesshire, came as a sad blow to the
large circle of his admirers who had learned to honour him for the
manly way in which he always upheld the dignity of his race.
He was succeeded by Alan David Murray, the present and 6th
Earl of Mansfield, his elder surviving brother and the third son of the
late Viscount Stormont, who was born in October, 1864. He was
educated at Charterhouse and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.
From 1886-94 he was a Lieutenant in the Black Watch, being adjutant
from 1889-1903. He has been a Gentleman Usher of the Green Rod
(Order of the Thistle) from 1895.
Lord Mansfield married in 1899 his cousin, Margaret Helen
Mary, second daughter of Rear Admiral Sir Malcolm Macgregor, 4th
Baronet of Macgregor by his wife the daughter and heir of the 9th
Earl of Antrim.
His Lordship's elder brother, the Hon. Andrew Murray of the
Cameron Highlanders, was killed in South Africa, while in command
of Lovat's Scouts.
Ken Wood is picturesquely situated, the grounds being of a
very diversified character by reason of the extensive woodlands and
the water. Amongst the ti-easures which the house contains are an
original portrait of Pope, presented by him to the 1st Earl of
Mansfield, an antique bust of Homer in white marble ( which also
belonged to Pope), an original half length portrait of Garrick and a
head of Betterton, said to have been painted by Pope. The 1st Earl's
possession of this last was evidently regarded with great admiration,
for it is said that as a consequence of the burning of his Bloomsbury
house some hundreds of people called at Ken Wood to ask if Pope's
portrait was saved.
The library, a beautiful apartment some 60ft by 2lft, decorated
by Adam and ornamented with paintings by Zucchi, holds also
paintings by Claud and Teniers. In the dining room is a fine portrait
of Lord Chief Justice Mansfield by Sir Joshua Reynolds.
Several trees in the grounds are said to have been planted by
the 1st Earl, notably the cedars of Lebanon near the house, three of
which stand at the angles of an equilateral triangle and, unlike most
of their kind, grow from 50ft to 60ft high without branches. The
trunk of the largest measures in girth 14ft.
In addition to Ken Wood, the Earl of Mansfield is the owner
of three Scottish seats, namely — Scone Palace, Perthshire ; Schaw
Park, Clackmannanshire ; and Comlongon, Dumfriesshire,
THE EIGHT HO]!J. THE EAKL CADOGAN, K.G.
Che RigM Bon* CDe earl Cadogan, K-6-
[WO of the most interesting personages in Society life of
to-day are undoubtedly the Earl and Countess of Cadogan,
who most happily show how charming a life can be spent
when health, wealth and intellect combine to form a dignified,
harmonious whole. Middlesex has every reason to feel proud that it
enjoys the honour of ranking so great a nobleman as the Earl amongst
its County Justices, for it is the presence of such honourable men as he
who lend the I'equisite dignity to County administrative affairs.
George Henry Cadogan, 5th Eai-1 Cadogan, Viscount Chelsea,
Baron Cadogan of Oakley in the Peerage of Great Britain and Baron
Oakley in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, was born in Durham
on the 12th May, 1840. The family of which he is the head is a Welsh
one which dates back authentically to the thirteenth century. The
member of it first raised to the peerage was Major-General William
Cadogan who had a brilliant military career and after taking part in
the campaigns of the famous Duke of Marlborough, whom he
succeeded as Chief in command of the Army, was created Baron
Cadogan of Reading, Baron Cadogan of Oakley, Viscount Caversham
and Earl Cadogan. He died in 1726 without issue, when all his titles
lapsed, with the exception of that of Baron Cadogan of Oakley, of
which the remainder, in default of issue, was by the terms of its
creation limited to his brother Charles, who is the ancestor of the
present Earl.
In 1717 that nobleman married Elizabeth, daughter of the
eminent physician, Sir Hans Sloane. As a result of this alliance,
the Manor of Chelsea came into the possession of the Cadogan family.
By George III. the 3rd Baron was created Viscount Chelsea, the title
of Earl Cadogan being also conferred upon him at the same lime.
Upon the 3 I'd Earl Cadogan the Barony of Oakley was bestowed by
William IV. in recosfnition of his distinguished services as an Admiral
in the Royal Navy.
The present Earl, who is a grand-nephew of the famous Duke
of Wellington, was sent at the age of thirteen to Eton, going in 1859
to Christchurch, Oxford, where he was distinguished by his earnestness
of mind and his indomitable perseverance.
A political career from the first appealed to his Lordship and
at the General Election of 1868 he endeavoured to storm Bury which
was then a Radical constituency. Although he was not returned he
had the satisfaction of knowing that he greatly reduced the previous
majority and at a bye-election of 1873 he was sent to the Commons
as the Member for Bath. However, he only sat for a very brief
period, for his father dying on the 8th of June in the same year he
succeeded him as the 5th Earl Cadogan.
-'&'•
But his advancement by no means checked Earl Cadogan's
determination to distinguish himself in the political woi'ld, and on his
first appearance in the Gilded Chamber he had the gratification of
seconding the address to the Throne, discharging his duty so well that
he was recognised as a man likely to make his mark on the affiiirs of
his time. He very quickly became known as a speaker of great ability
and in his speeches delivered at meetings in the country proved remark-
able for bis caustic criticism of the policy of his opponents.
His abilities being recognised by Loi'd Beaconsfield, Earl
Cadogan was, in 1875 appointed Under Secretary for War, an
appointment rendered of greater importance than usual, consequent
upon the troublous state of Eurojoean politics at the time. This
position beheld until 1878 when, upon Lord Derby's retirement from
the Ministry, many transferences were necessary. The Chief
Secretaryship for Ireland being filled by Mr. James Lowther, Lord
Cadogan was appointed to succeed him as Under Secretar}^ of State for
the Colonies, a post which pi'ovided him with the requisite scope for the
exercise of his diplomatic talents.
On the 25th March, 1875, in the House of Lords a vote of
censure was moved on the Government for its mismanagement of
Colonial Aftliins. The speecli which the Earl Cadogan delivered in
reply, defending the Government policy in South Africa, has ever since
ranked as one of the finest made by him.
In 1886 Lord Cadogan was appointed Lord Privy Seal without
a seat in the Cabinet, which, however, he joined a year later. In 1887
the management of Irish Legislative business in the House of Lords
was entrusted to his care. The Government's Land Bill of that year
was first introduced by him into the Uijper House, and he was largely
responsible for its ultimately passing. It was his share in the debates
on this thorny question which induced Lord Salisbury to invite his
Lordship to enter the Cabinet.
From 1895-1902, Earl Cadog-au held the hhA\ office of Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland, and in this appointment reached the high water
mark of a brilliant political career. His reign at Dublin Castle proved
eminently popular, for with the aid of his gracicnis Countess, he
succeeded in establishing a lasting repute for the brilliancy of his
Courts. But it was not only by those who shared in the brightness
of the period that Earl Cadogan was applauded. In their turn, he
paid equal attention to the poor of the Emerald Isle, and during his
term of office, worked most zealously, and to an extent successfully, in
ameliorating the hardness of their lot.
Earl Cadogan is an Hereditary Trustee of the British Museum
and a Magistrate for Norfolk as well as for Middlesex. Since 1886 he
has been Hon. Colonel of the 5th (Militia) Batt. Royal Fusiliers, and
was formerly Major in the Royal Westminster Militia. In 1900 he
was the first Mayor of Chelsea.
His Lordship married in 1865, the Lady Beatrix Jane
Craven, V.A., fourth daughter of the 2nd Earl of Craven. His heir.
Viscount Chelsea, was formerly the Member of Parliament for Bury.
Culford Hall, the Suffolk County seat of the Cadogan family, is
one of the country homes which has been honoured by a visit from their
Majesties the King and Queen, who in the autumn of 1905 were
entertained there by the Earl and Countess Cadogan. The occasion
was one the memory of which will linger long throughout the country
side, for the festivities were marked with magnificence almost media3val
in character, and no effort was left unspared to lieighten the artistic
effect of the welcome offered to a beloved King and Queen
Lord Cadogan's town house is Chelsea House, Cadogan
Place, S.W., and his clubs the Carlton, St. Stephen's and White's.
THE EIGHT HON. THE EARL OF BESSBOROUGH, C.V.O., C.B.
THE COUNTESS OF BESSBOROUGH.
CDC Right Bon. Cbe €arl of Bcssborouflh,
C.V.O., C.B., D.£., 3.P.
|N the Earl of Bessborough Middlesex possesses a Justice of
the Peace who has had the additional advantage of enjoying
a legal training, for he was admitted a barrister in 1879. His
Lordship has always endeavoured to act up to the worthiest
of ideals, and has patiently and perseveringly pursued the path of
probity and patriotism. Gentlemen of leisure, of substance, and
position, such as he are best qualified to become the local administrators
of Justice, for in them we are most likely to find the broad human
sympathies and clear mental vision which are most surely productive
of pure and unbiassed judgment.
The eldest son of the 7th Earl of Bessborough, the present
Lord was born March 1st, 1851. For some time he was in the
Navy, from which he retired in 1874 with the rank of Lieutenant. He
afterwards turned his attention to legal study, and having been
admitted a barrister in 1879, he was Secretary to Lord R. Grosvenor at
the Treasury from 1880-84. From 1884-95 he filled the arduous post
of Private Secretary to Viscount Peel, whilst he was Speaker of the
House of Commons, and again from 1896-99 he discharged similar
duties for the Caledonian Canal Commissioners.
Lord Bessborough married in 1875 Blanche Vere Guest, sister
of the 1st Lord Wimborne, and has an heir Viscount Duncannon born
in 1880.
In addition to serving on the Commission of Peace for
Middlesex, Lord Bessborough is a Deputy Lieutenant, Justice of the
Peace and a County Councillor for County Kilkenny, and also a
Justice of the Peace for County Carlow, for which he was High
Sheriff in 1899.
The family of Ponsonby, of which the present head is the Earl
of Bessborough, takes its name fi'om the Lordship of Ponsonby in
Cumberland. John Ponsonby of Haugh Heale, Cumberland, was
father to Simon Ponsonby of Hale, whose grandson Henry went to
Ireland in 1649 and obtained a grant of land in Kerry. Henry's elder
brother, Sir John Ponsonby was a Cromwellian Colonel of Horse,
He too Avent to Ireland and upon the reduction of that Kingdom was
appointed one of the Commissioners for taking the depositions of the
Protestants concerning the murders said to have been committed
during the war. He was Sheriff of Wicklow and Kilkenny in 1654.
He had two grants of land under the Acts of Settlement and by
accumulating debentures amassed a considerable fortune. By his
second wife he had two sons, of whom the youngest, William, was the
1st Viscount Duncannon of Bessborough. He was M.P. for Kilkenny
in the reigns of Queen Anne and George I., Avas sworn a Privy
Councillor in 1715 and was elevated to the Peerage of Ireland by the
title of Lord Bessborough, Baron of Bessborough, Count}^ Kerry,
September 11th, 1721. He was created Viscount Duncannon of
Duncannon Fort, County Wexford, in 1722. The 2nd Viscount was
advanced to the dignity of Earl of Bessborough in 1739 and was created
a Peer of Great Britain as Baron Ponsonby of Sysonby, County
Leicester, in 1749. The 4th Earl was created Baron Duncannon of
Bessborough in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1834. He was
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1846.
Lord Bessborough's residence is 17, ('avendish Squ?.re, W. His
clubs are Brooks's and the Beefsteak.
THE COUJ^TESS OF MEXBOKOUGH.
CDC RJdDt l)on.
Cfte earl or mexborousDt DX., j.p.
HH
JIDDLESEX is rich in possessing within its Magistracy many
representatives of the most distinguished Houses. Amongst
these gentlemen is the Earl of Mexborough, the founder of
whose family was Sir John Savile, Knight, of Bradley Hall,
Yorkshire, who was one of the Barons of the Exchequer in the reigns
of Queen Elizabeth and King James I .
Lord Mexborough, who also bears the titles of Viscount
PoUington and Baron PoUington of Longford in Ireland, was born in
1843, being the son of the 5th Earl of Mexborough, and. Rachel,
daughter of the 3rd Earl of Orford. He was educated at Eton and
Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took his B.A. Degree in 18G3
and his M.A. in 1866. His Lordship married in 1867, Venetia
Stanley, third daughter and co-heir of Sir Rowley Stanley Errington,
Bart., one of the co-heirs to the Baronies of Umfraville and Kyme.
Secondly, in March, 1906, Donna Sylvia Cecilia Marie, daughter of
the noble Carlo Ser- Antonio, of Lucca and Naples, and widow of Capt.
Claude Clenk.
In the days of his youth, Lord Mexborough was exceedingly
popular as an actor, and in 1861 he became assistant stagemanager of
the famous Cambridge Amateur Dramatic Club.
Before succeeding to his titles, Lord Mexborough twice tried to
enter the House of Commons, fighting the Conservative cause at
Pontefract in 1872 and again in 1874, but on each occasion he was
defeated. The first fight was especially memorable, as it was the first
Parliamentary election at which the voting was by ballot, and also
because His Lordship was opposing the re-election of a Cabinet
Minister on taking office, his opponent being Mr. Hugh Childers. To
enter the fray his Lordship had only ten days' notice, and even then
had to hurry back from Switzerland, so that he still remembers with
triumph that, despite all the circumstances against him, he only lost
the day by some fifty-six votes.
His Lordship was formerly a Lieutenant in the 1st West
Yorkshire Imperial Yeomanry.
Agreeable and courtly, all that the Earl of Mexborough does is
well done, for there is nothing halting or lukewarm about him. He
has his own views and ideas of things, and is never afraid to make
them known ; yet, he is happily one of the too few men who have
learnt that to love any political or other principles need not be
tantamount to, or entail, entertaining feelings of spleen against those
of an opposite scliool of thought. The noble Earl is, indeed, liberal-
minded, and has a befitting respect for the views of others. He has
the reputation of being a very kind and sympathetic landlord, and
deservedly so, for he attends, as much as he consistently can, to the
wants and wishes of his tenants, by whom he is held in the greatest
respect. Incidentally, we may mention, that his Lordship is in
relision a Buddhist.
'O'
Never a lover of much publicity, the Earl of Mexborough
prefers a quiet life, enjoying every opportunity of following his
favourite recreation of reading, to which he is becoming more
engrossed as advancing years make it less easy for him to indulge in
his penchant for gardening.
Lord Mexborough has no Middlesex seat, but enjoys a pretty
residence known as " Cannizaro," on Wimbledon Common, while in
Yorkshire he is the owner of Methley Park, Leeds. His present
town residence is Wellington Court, Albert Gate, S.W. Formerly he
was the owner of the palatial mansion known as 33, Dover Street,
Piccadilly, but when that thoroughfare became popular with clubs and
dressmakers, he sold it, the new owners pulling down the old mansion
and rebuilding.
CU Rim l>on. CDe earl of £ucan, K.p., 3.p.
ALEHAM House, Staines, the picturesque seat of the Earl
of Lucan, was in earlier years the residence of Maria, Queen
of Portugal. Both gardens and park are pleasingly laid
out and very carefully kept.
In contradistinction to many of our nobles, tlie Earl of Lucan
(Sir George Bingham, K.P., J.P,) represents a family of purely
Saxon origin, the forebears of which were foriiierly resident at Sutton
Bingham, Somerset. Sir John de Bingham who held the property in
the time of Henry I. was the direct ancestor of Sir Ralph de
Bingham who was consecrated Bishop of Salisbury in 1229. He
carried on the work of building the Cathedral, died in 1246, and was
buried beneath the Nave. Sir Ralph's second son, Robert de Bingham,
Mas an ancestor of Robert Bingham of Melcombe, whose brother, Sir
Richard, was one of the most eminent soldiers of his time and who
settled in Ireland. He was instrumental in reducing the insurrections
in that kingdom in 1586, 1590 and 1593, and in recognition of his
services was created Marshal of Ireland and a Baronet of Nova Scotia.
His brother. Sir George, was military Governor of Sligo in
1596. He and Sir Richard made a good road into County Roscommon,
through the Curlew Mountains which had before been considered
impassable. Even in these early days in the family history a connec-
tion with Middlesex was established, for Sir George Bingham's
grandson married the daughter of Sir Hugh Myddleton, of New River
fame.
Tlie 5th Baronet, Sir John Bingham, was Governor and
Member of Parhament for County Mayo. He married Anne,
daughter of Agmondesham Vesej', of Lucan, County Dubhn, by
Charlotte, his wife, only daughter and heir of Patrick Sarsfield, Earl
of Lucan, who fell at the Battle of Landen in Flanders. The 6th
Baronet, Sir John Bingham, also represented Mayo in Parliament, and
dying unmarried was succeeded by his brother. Sir Charles, who was
created 1st Earl of Lucan.
The present Earl's father, the 3rd Earl of Lucan, was a Field
Marshal in the Arnw, Colonel of the 1st Life Guards, G.C.B.,
Commander of the Legion of Honour, Knight 1st Class Medjidieh, a
Knight of St. Anne of Russia and Lieutenant of Mayo.
The 4tli Eail of Lucan was born in 1830. Like his father,
he followed a military career for some time, joining the Coldstream
Guards, of which regiment he was Captain and Lieutenant-Colonel in
1859, retiring in I860. In 1854 he served as A.D.C to his father in
the Crimea.
His Lordship married in 1859, the Lady Cecilia Catherine
Gordon-Lennox, youngest daughter of the 5th Duke of Richmond,
K.G., and has six sons and one daughter, his heir being Lord Bingham,
who sat for some time as the Conservative member for the Chertsey
Division of Surrey.
From 18G5-74, the Earl of Lucan, like several of his ancestors,
represented the County of Mayo in Parliament, sitting in the
Conservative interest. Since 1901 he has been His Majesty's
Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum for that County. His Lordship,
who is a Representative Peer foi- Ireland, has since 1889 been Vice-
Admiral of Connaught, County Mayo, in which Province his Irish
seat, Castlebar House, is situated. He is also a Knight of the Legion
of Honour and the Order of the Medjidieh, 5th Class. He has been
an Alderman of the Middlesex County Council since 1889.
Lord Lucan's clubs arc tlie Carlton and the Turf.
THE RIGHT HON. LOKD GEORGE HAMILTON, P.O., G.O.S.I
P.O., (
LADY GEORGE HAMILTON.
CDc RidDt 1)011.
Cord George Francis Bamilton, PX., 6X.SJ.
^-^
NAME which is respected throughout Middlesex is that
of Lord George Haiiulton, who for many years represented
the County in Parliament, and who holds high office as a
Freemason Lord George may be said to have an inherited
interest in the County as for some years Bentley Priory, Great
Stanmore, was a favourite residence with his father, the Duke of
Abercorn. The house derives its name from a priory of Austin
Canons which existed there as early as 1243. Queen Adelaide leased
the Priory in I 848 and died there in 1849, the apartment still known
as ''the Queen's Room" having been her ftivourite chamber. In a
summer house in the grounds Sir Walter Scott is said to have
corrected the proof sheets of " Marvnion," and the poet Rogers
traditionally wrote some part of his " Pleasures of Memory" in the
beautiful gardens for which the Priory is famous.
The third son of the 1st. Duke of Abercorn, Lord George
Hamilton belongs to a family of statesmen. He was born in 1845, and
was educated at Harrow. He married in 1871, Maud, youngest
daughter of the 3rd Earl of Harewood.
In 1868 his Lordship entered Parliament as the representative
for the County of Middlesex. In that j^ear it was separated iato
Divisions and from then until 1902 he went to St. Stephen's as the
member for the Ealing Division, lu the House of Commons he
continually showed that he could hold his own against anyone.
Although to a certain extent always an independent politician with
original and well-matured ideas of his own. Lord George Hamilton is a
Conservative to the back bone in the best sense of the word, and a
convinced believer in the fundamental principles of the party, the
general policy of which he heartily adopts, but alvfays reserving to
himself the right of jorivate judgment and of free comment and
outspoken r;riticism. This notwithstanding, he has done not a little
towards popularising Conservatism. He has worked hard for it, both in
the House, where he has contributed ably to the debates, and outside,
v.diere he is always sure of a welcome as a platform speaker who can
ensure the attention and awaken the enthusiasm of his audience. His
speeches are always interesting, being invariably fresh, vigorous and
epigrammatic. His Lordship is never afraid to say what he thinks,
and though he may not always please all by his manly frankness, he
unquestionably enjoys the admiration of the majority.
From 1874-78 Lord George Hamilton held the important post
of Under-Secretary of State for India, wdiile from 1878-80 he was
Vice-President of the Council, a position in which he added not a little
to the good opinions already entertained of him. From 1885-92 he was
First Lord of the Admiralty. Tn 1895 he returned to his first
department, and became Secretary of State for India, a post which he
lield until 1903.
As a Member of the London School Board, Lord George
Hamilton also did some extremely good work. As Chairman, which
post he occupied from 1894-95 his well-balanced judgment proved
exceptionally serviceable to him and throughout his period of office he
showed himself a genuinely sympathetic public worker and one who
was anxious that everything possible should be done to put the
education of the young upon a rational basis so that the Nation might
have the utmost advantage of the huge sums expended.
His Lordship is a Justice of the Peace for Middlesex.
As Captain of Deal Castle, which post he has occupied since
1899, Lord George Hamilton enjoys a picturesque modern residence
close by the old Castle which was built by Henry VIII. in 1539.
Since 1892 Lord George Hamilton has bfeen Provincial Grand
Master of Middlesex, a Province in which he is greatly revered by the
members of the Craft on account of the keen interest he takes in all
that appertains to the welfare of the Masonic Order. He is also a
Governor of Harrow School, the foundation stone of the new Speech
Room for which was laid by his father on July 2nd, 1874.
Lord George Hamilton's town residence is 17, Montagu Street,
Portman Square, W. His clubs are the Carlton and the Athemeum.
Che RiflDt Ron.
CDC Viscount enficld, Jl.m.I.C.e., 3.P.
IS a County Alderman, both for Middlesex and Hertfordshire,
Edmund Henry Byng, Viscount Enfield, is recognised in the
County as a gentleman who constantly and strenuously works
for the advancement of all that will tend to promote the
public weal. Though he has never cared to exert himself to attain
success as a public man. Viscount Enfield has become recognised as a
valuable assistant in matters administrative on account of the quiet and
sincere interest which he is always known to take in County aflfairs.
A cause which has undoubtedly contributed much to increasing
the value of Viscount Enfield's advice in public matters has been the
fact that he is no mere theorist who has always enjoyed only the soft
side of life, but he has himself taken a practical share in arduous work.
Viscount Enfield for some years worked as a civil engineer, serving an
apprenticeship with the late Mr. W. H. Barlow, Past President of the
Institute of Civil Engineers and being employed on work on the
Midland Railway and the new Tay bridge. He was subsequently
appointed Resident Engineer for the new dock built at Methie, in Fife,
from 1884-87. This has since become an important coal exporting
centre for the east of Scotland,
In later years his Lordship has turned his attention more to
commercial affairs, having been a member of the Loudon Stock
Exchange since 1888. Besides this, he has been extensively engaged
in farming in Middlesex, where he is well known as the owner of
pedigree herds of Jersey and Shorthorn cattle. This year (1906) his
Lordship is President of the English Jersey Cattle Society, as well as
of the Herts Agricultural Society, in addition to being a Member of
the Council of the Bath and West of England Agricultural Society.
Born on the 27th January, 1862, Viscount Enfield is the eldest
son of the 5th Earl of Strafford, thus being directly descended in the
female line from the famous Sir Thomas Wentworth, the ill-fated Eai'l
of Strafford. The present Earl of Strafford, who prior to his succession
to the title was a noted ecclesiastic and Hon. Cha]:)lain to Queen
Victoria, was in 1889 Grand Chaplain of Freemasonry in England.
Viscount Enfield married in 1894, ]\Iary Elizabeth, the youngest
daughter of the late Sir Thomas Edward Colebrooke, by whom he has
two daughters. He is a Justice of the Peace for both Middlesex and
Hertfordshire. In Middlesex his Lordship has a residence at Dancer's
Hill, Barnet, his town house being 5, St. James's Square, S.W.
THE RIGHT HON.
THE LORD SAVE AND SELE, D.L., J.P.
Cl)c Right Ron.
Cbe £ora Sapc ana Scle, DX., 3.P*, CX.
^H
BEW noblemen have done more useful ])ul)lic work for Middlesex
than Lord Saye and Sele, who in his earlier daj^s worked
most ardently in the County cause, sitting on so great a
number of Committees that the then Lord Lieutenant the
Earl of Straftbrd, twitted him with being " the greatest pluralist in the
County." Amongst his colleagues in administrative matters his
Lordship has always been exceedingly popular, for he is known to
infuse considerable energy and earnestness into every subject he has
taken up, and whenever he has identitied himself with a public move-
ment or institution, he has taken good care that the same shall not
sufter for want of any active efforts on his part.
Whilst at the height of his public activity for the County, Lord
Sayc and Sele did not confine himself within any narrow grooves of
interests, for amongst the County Committees he has served on at one
and the same period have been those for the Hanwell, Banstead,
Colney Hatch, and Claybury Asjdums, as well as those of Pentonville
and Coldbath Prisons. His Lordship was also at the same time a
valued worker on the Councils of St. James's House, Fulhani, and
Brompton Hospital, in addition to being Chairman ot the Middlesex
Industrial School at Tottenham.
Lord Save and Sele is a worthy uphohler of the best traditions
of his family. H'j is liberal-minded, widely sympathetic, and generous
hearted. Frank and genial, he is, in brief, a splendid specimen of that
country gentleman we all admire. He is invariably pleased to be of
service to those around him, and he bears a high reputation, not only
on his own estates, but wherever he is known, for courtesy and a kindl}^
consideration towards others.
John Fiennes Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes, 17th Baron Saye
and Sele, was born in 1830, being the son of the 16th Lord, and his
first wife, Emily, daughter of the 4th Viscount Powerscourt. He was
educated at Harrow and Christchurch, Oxfoi-d. In his younger days
Lord Saye and Sele served as a captain in the Oxfordshire Yeomanry
Cavalry. He married in 1850, the Lady Augusta Sophia Hay,
youngest daughter of Thomas Robert, 10th Earl of Kinnoull, by whom
he has issue four sons and six daughters, his heir being the Hon.
Colonel Gioffrey C. T. \V. Fiennes. His Lordship's golden wedding
was kept in 190G with general rejoicings.
As was the case with many of our noble houses, the family first
came to England in the train of William the Conqueror, one of whose
companions was William de Saye. This gallant fighter married Agnes,
daughter of the famous Hugh de Grentesuiaisnill and grand-daughter
maternally of Ivo, Count de Bellamonte. A grandson of this marriage
was William de Saye, Baron Saye, whose grandson, Geoffrey de Saye
was one of the Barons opposed to King John and one of the
twenty-five Barons who were entrusted with the duty of enforcing the
monarch's obligations under Magna Charter.
This Baron's son, William de Saye, Lord of Birling, Sele, etc.,
Kent, was Governor of the Castle of Rochester in 1260 and was
succeeded by his son, William de Saye, who was summoned to
Parliament in 1294. Dying the following j-ear he was succeeded by
his son Geoffrey de Saye who was summoned to Parliament, 1313-21.
Sir Geoffrey de Sa3'e, who was Admiral of the Fleet and a Knight
Banneret, married Maud, daughter of Guy de Beauchamp, Earl of
Warwick. Their son, William de Saj'e was summoned to Parliament,
but the male line ceasing with the death of his son John, the Barony
of Saye devolved upon John's sister, Elizabeth de Saye, at whose
decease in 1399 it fell into abeyance between the descendants of her
Ladyship's aunt Joan, who married Sir William Fiennes, tenth in
descent from John Fiennes, Baron of Fiennes, kinsman and companion
of William L, and sixth hereditary constable of Dover Castle. They
had issue Sir William de Fiennes wlio was Sheriff of Surrey and
Sussex in 1297 and again in 1300 and Sir James Fiennes, 1st Lord
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LADY SAY£ AND SELE.
Saye and Selewho was summoned to Parliament in 1447 as Lord Saj'o
and Sele and was created in the same Parliament, the Lords spiritual
and temporal acquiescing, a Baron of the Realm by the same title. He
had ])reviously obtained the grant of the offices of Constable of Dover
and Wai'den of the Cinque Ports to himself and his heirs male for
ever, and was constituted Lord Treasurer of England in 1449. But
his good fortune "fell away like water from him." At the time of the
insurrection raised by Jack Cade he was a prisoner in the Tower.
When Cade's mob entered the City he was dragged to the Standard in
Cheapside and there beheaded in 1451.
His son the 2nd Baron obtained in 14G1 a grant of the office of
Constable of Porchester Castle and of Pevensey Castle for life. He
had the good fortune to be one of the Lords who attended the King
in the north and was made Vice-Admiral to Richard Nevil, the great
Earl of Warwick, then High Admiral of England. In the tenth year
of Edward IV. he was one of the Ijords who fought with the King in
Flanders, and upon his Majesty's return landed with him at Ravenspur
in Holdernesse. He was slain at the Battle of Barnet in 1471. He
married Margaret Wykeham, who was descended from William
Champneiss who married Agnes, sister of William of Wykeham, Bishop
of Winchester, and Founder of Winchester College and New Colleofe,
Oxford. Through this marriage Lord Saye and Sele acquired the
Lordship of Broughton in Oxfordshire. He had a son, Henry Fiennes,
the 3rd Baron, who was never summined to Parliament. Owing to
various family reasons the title was for some time allowed to remain in
abeyance, but the 7th Baron obtained the recognition of his claim to
the Barony by letters patent from James I., dated 1603, wherein the
title was confirmed to himself and his heirs general.
William, the 8th Baron and 1st Viscount, was one of the
Commissioners for the public safety in the time of Charles I., and also
for the provisions of the Treaty of Newport. By Clarendon this Lord
is reproached for having been one of the worst of the Parliamentarians,
but by Whitelock who wrote for the other side, he is spoken of as a
statesman of great wisdom and integrity. His eldest son James,
succeeded him, while his second son, Nathaniel, was a Colonel in the
Parliamentary Army, a Privy Councillor, and Speaker of the Lords
under Cromwell. His son, Lawrence, became the 5th Viscount.
Upon his death the title devolved upon his cousin, Richard Fiennes,
the 6th Viscount, with whom the Viscountcy expiretl. But the
ancient Barony which had remained in abeyance since 1674, upon the
death of the 6th Viscount was claimed in 1781 by Thomas Twisleton,
as heir general of James, 9th Baron and 2nd Visccunt, which claim
beins: allowed he was summoned to Parliament in 1781 as 13th Lord
Saye and Sele.
His son Gregory William, the 14th Baron, assumed by Royal
Licence, February 26th, 1825, the surname of Fiennes after that of
Twisleton. He died in 1845 and was succeeded by his only son
William Thomas, on whose death in 1847, he was succeeded by his
cousin, Frederick Benjamin, 16th Baron, who was Treasurer and
Canon Residentiary of Hereford Cathedral and Archdeacon of
Hereford and High Steward of Banbury. He was twentieth in
descent from the Geoffrey Lord Saye who defied King John. He
assumed the additional surnames of Wykeham-Fiennes in 1849. Upon
his death in 1887 he was succeeded by his son, the j'l'esent and 16th
Baron Saye and Sele.
Broughton Castle, Banbury, is the country seat of Lord Saye
and Sele. It is a magnificent and very picturesque castellated
mansion, situated amidst woods and water and undulating grounds.
It was here that the Lord Saye and Sele who was " the godfather" to
the disappointed party in the time of Charles I., held most of his
meetings, the rendezvous being a secret inner room where the agitators
were safe from any kind of intrusion. But although his Lordship had
so much to do with fomenting the trouble which resulted in the Civil
War, he absolutely disapproved of the beheading of Charles I. After
that event he refused to have anything to do with the Republic and
retired to the Isle of Lundy. His former friends, being incensed at
this behaviour, sacked Broughton Castle, a proceeding w hich, however,
he was mao-nanimous enouoh to forgive them. He rose hioh in favour
under Charles II., being made by him Lord Cliamberlain of the
Household, Lord Lieutenant of Oxfordshire and Lord Privy Seal.
Lord Sa^'e and Sele is a Deputy Lieutenant and Justice of the
Peace, ana an Alderman for the County of Oxford. He is also a
Justice of the Peace for Middlesex (to which Commission he was
appointed by the 2nd Duke of Wellington), as well as for Warwick and
Westminster.
I'HE RIGHT HON.
THE LORD ARUNDELL OF WARDOUR, D.L., J.P.
[Since the test o£ this bouk weut to Press the deeply htmeuted
death of the Lord Ar-undell of Wardoar has been amrounced.]
Cl)c Rigbt Ron.
Cl)c Cora flrundcll of Wardour, D.C, 3.p.
fROMINENT in the bead roll of noted Endish Roman Catholic
families is that of Arundell of Wardour, whose head, John
Francis Arundell, 12th Baron Arundell of Wardour, is also
a Count of the Koly Roman Empire, his title to the dignity
being by patent dated 1595. It is the boast of the family that since
mediaeval times its members have never ceased to uphold the Roman
Catholic faith.
Archives carefully stored in the muniment room at Wardour
Castle, Wiltshire, show that the pedigree of the family can be traced
back to Sir Ralph de Arundell who was Lord of Treloy and Sheriff of
Cornwall in 1260. By a deed dated 1264 he was authorised by
Thomas de Tracy to deliver the Castle of Restormel and the Barony
of Cardigton into the hands of Simon de Montford, Earl of Leicester.
Sir Ralph's son, Sir Renfred, presented to the rectory of St.
Columb in 1260, and his grandson, Renfred, became, in right of his
wife, Alice, daughter of John de Lanherne, Lord of Lanherne. The
great grandson of this Lord, Sir John de Arundell, Knight, married
the daughter and co-heiress of Sir Oliver Carminow, Chamberlain to
Richai-d II. The grandson of this couple, Sir John Arundell of
Lanherne, by an agreement made in 1418 with Thomas Beaufort, Duke
of Exeter, took a force of 364 men at arms and 770 archers to France
in 1418, as is shown by a deed written in Norman French and preserved
in the Wardour muniment room. He died in 1435 and it is evident
that his gallant spirit was inherited by his descendants, for his
grandson was one of the commanders in France in the time of
Henry VI.
The famous Wiltshire seat of the family, the Castle of Wardour,
was with the Manor of that name purchased from his cousin, Sir Fulke
Greville in 1547 by Sir Thomas Arundell, Knight. This gentleman
was created a K.B. at the Coronation of Anne Boleyn, but being
convicted under Edward VI. of conspiring to murder John Dudley,
Duke of Northumberland, he was beheaded in 1552. He married
Margaret, daughter and co-heir of Lord Edmund Howai'd, third son
of Thomas Duke of Norfolk, and sister to Catharine Howard, fifth
wife of Henry VIII.
It was Sir Thomas's grandson who first brought the title of
Baron Arundell of Wardour into the family. This gentleman went in
his youth to Germany. He served as a volunteer with the Imperial
Army in Hungai'y and took with his own hand the Turkish standard
durinq' an enofagfement at Gran. For this achievement he was created
by Rudolph II., Emjaeror of Germany, a Count of the Holy Roman
Empire, his patent of dignity being dated at Prague in 1595. Upon
his return to England in 1605, he was elevated to the Peerage as
Baron Arundell of Wardour. In the annals of his house he is known
by his surname of " The Valiant."
It was in the time of the 2nd Baron that evil befell the Castle
of Wardour, which in those days was a building magnificent in its
architecture and proportions. The Baron was a Royalist, and during
his absence from home the Parliamentarians under Sir Edward
Hungerford besieged the Castle. With a garrison of only twenty-five
men, it was gallantly defended by the Baron's wife, who was a
daughter of Edward Somerset, Earl of Worcester. At the close of
the ninth day it was surrendered to the besiegers, upon honourable
terms. But the conquerors failed to keep their part of the treaty.
When the noble owner returned he was so incensed at what had
occurred that he ordered a mine beneath the Castle to be sprung,
thus utterly wrecking it and preventing the intruders from further
gaining advantage from their broken covenant.
The Baron died of wounds received in battle in 1643. He was
succeeded by his son Henry, the 3rd Baron, who suffered five years'
imjjrisonment in consequence of the information laid by the infamous
Titus Gates. After his release, he regained Royal favour and was
sworn a member of the Privy Council in 1685. He was constituted
Lord Kee2:)er of the Privy Seal in the following year, when he was
also honoured with the Order of the Bath. Upon the abdication of
James II., he retired to Breamore in Wales. About the year 1690
this Lord Arundell kept the celebrated pack of hounds which were
subsequently sold to Hugo Meynell and became the progenitors of
the Quorn hounds.
The present and 12th Lord Arundell of Wardour, who is one
of the Justices of the Peace for the County of Middlesex, was born
December 28th, 1831. He was educated at Stonyhurst College and
married in 1862, Anne Lucy, daughter of John Errington, Esq., of
High Warden, Northumberland. His Lordship is both a Justice of
the Peace and a Deputy Lieutenant for the County of Wiltshire.
Though the old Castle of Wardour is now merely a picturesque
pile of ruins covered with ivy, the new Castle, which was erected
between 1776 and 1784, is a very fine building, and there Lord
Arundell of Wardour spends much of his time. He is exceedingly
fond of hunting and shooting and has also entered the ranks of the
authors, having published in 1885 a work entitled "The Secret of
Plato's Atlantis."
Cfce Right Boik Cbe Cord Jitzharainge,
h'^
INE of the most pleasant of the County Seats of Middlesex is
Cranford House, the residence of Lord Fitzhardinge. The
estate has been for some generations in the ])ossession of the
Berkeley family, several of the members of which are buried
within tlie Parish Church of Cranford. In this sacred building there
is also a mural monument of marble and alabaster erected to the
memory of the celebrated Thomas Fuller, D.D., who was Rector of
Cranford in 1658, and who will be long remembered by his famous
" Church History of Great Britain." Dr. Fuller's successor in the
Rectory was Dr. John Wilkins, Bishop of Chester, 16G8-72, who was
the Founder of the Scientific Society which at the Restoration became
the Royal Society. '
Charles Paget Fitzhardinge Berkeley, of the City and County
of Bristol, was born in 1830, and succeeded his brother as the 3rd
Baron Fitzhardinge in 189G. He married in 185G Louisa Elizabeth,
only daughter of Henry Lindow-Lindow, Esq., who died in 1902. Lord
Fitzhardinge is a Justice of the Peace and a De})uty Lieutenant for
the County of Sussex, also filling the latter position for the County of
Gloucester. From 18G2-65 he sat in the House of Commons as the
Member for Gloucester.
The 1st Baron Fitzhardinge was the Right Hon. Sir Maurice
Frederick Fitzhardinge Berkeley, G.C.B., who was an Admiral in the
Royal Navy, and was raised to the Peerage in 1861. He, too, for
some years was the Member of Gloucester. The 2nd Baron,
who was Lieut. -Colonel in the Royal Horseguards, was the Member
for Cheltenham from 185G-G5.
The family of Fitzhardinge traces its descent from the Kings of
Denmark. The first member to come to England was Harding who
accompanied William the Conqueror and fought at the battle of
Hastings. Of him an old writer says — " But all I have seen of him is
that after the Conquest he held Whitenhort (now called Whetenhur.st)
in Com' Glouc. of Earl Brictrick in mortgage and that he died on
November 6th, 111 5." His son, who was called Robert Fitzharding, was
an adherent of the Empress Maud and her son Henry, who afterwards
came to the English throne. By this King, Robert was rewarded with
the Manor of Berthone in Gloucestershire, as well as lands in Berkeley,
being subsequently given the whole Lordship of Berkeley and Berkeley
Hernesse when their former owner, Roger de Berkeley, was divested
of his possessions as a punishment for advocating the cause of King
Stephen.
Berkeley Castle, which is a favourite residence with Lord
Fitzhardinge, was built by the above mentioned Robert in 1168.
Within its walls he entertained Dermot McMourrough, King of
Leinster. Twice was the Castle, with the lands appertaining to it,
seized by the Crown in consequence of its owner having incurred the
Royal displeasure. Here was enacted the murder of Edward II. which
Grey's " Bard " foretold.
" Mark the year and mark the night
When Severn shall re-echo with affright
The shrieks of death through Berkeley's roofs that ring ;
Shrieks of an agonising King."
During the Great Rebellion, Berkeley Castle sustained a siege
for some time, but its custodians were at length compelled to yield on
honourable terms to the Parliamentarians.
The chief landowner at Cranford, Lord Fitzhardinge, is Lord of
the Manor of Cranford St. John, which, in their palmy days, was owned
by the Knights Hospitallers, and also of Cranford le Mote, the ancient
Manor House belonging to which was pulled down in the latter part of
the 18th century.
Lord Fitzhardinge's clubs are the Wellington and Travellers'.
THE EIGHT HON. THE LORD SANDHUKST, G.C.I.E.. G.C.S.L, J.P.
CI)C RifiDt Bon,
CDe £ora Sanafturst, 6XJ,€,, 6X,$J., 3,p.
pSSESSED of a distiuo-uished ancestry, Sir William
jNlaiistield, the second Baron Sandhurst, who is one of the
Justices of tlie Peace for the County of Middlesex, has had
his own share in adding to the honours alreadj^ belongin"'
to his family. Born 21st August, 1855, at Bruii, in Norfolk, he is the
son of the 1st Baron Sandhurst and Margaret, daughter of Robert
Fellowes, Esq., of Shoteshani Park, Norfolk. He was educated at
Rugby School. Joining the Army, he became a Lieutenant in the
Coldstream Guards, from which regiment he retired in 1879. From
1880-85 he was a Lord in Waiting to the late Queen Victoria. His
Lordship held the post of Under Secretary of War in 1886 and again
from 1893-94. From 1895-1900 he was Governor of Bombay, a
reminder of which period in his career remains in his Hon. Colonelcy
of the Bombay RiHes.
In adopting a military career. Lord Sandhurst was following
the example of his lather, Sir William Rose Mansfield, the first Lord
Sandhurst, who was a soldier of eminence. He was the fifth .son of
John Mansfield of Diggeswell House, Herts, by Mary Buchanan his
wife, daughter of General Smith, of the United States and
grandson of Sir James Mansfield, Lord Chief Justice of the Common
Pleas, and a former Member of Parliament for Cambridge University.
Sir William Mansfield was one of the gallant soldiers to whose
strenuous deterniinatioii in the middle of the nineteenth century
England owes her Indian Empire. He went through the Sutlej
Campaign of 1845-46, was A.D.C. to Viscount. Gough at Sobraon and
commanded the 53rd Regiment in the Punjaub Campaign of 1848-49.
He was present at Goojerat. During the operations of 1851-52 he
was employed on the Peshawur Frontier. In 1855 he was appointed
responsible military adviser to the English Embassy at Ccnstantinople,
and accompanied Lord Stratford de liedcliffe to the Crimea.
When the Mutiny broke out in India in 1857, General Mansfield
was made Chief of Statf with the local rank of Major-General, and
served through the whole of the war — 1857-59. He was present both
at Lucknow and Cawnpore, also taking part in the operations in the
Dooab and the various actions in the campaign of Rohilkund and Oude.
So distinoruished was his assistance through the whole of this troublous
time that at its close Lord Clvde, the General Commander in Chief, in
his Oude Dispatch of Januar}' 7th, 1859, to Viscount Canning, the
Governor General of India, wrote — " I cannot conclude this dispatch
without referring to the very great and cordial assistance which I have
constantly received from Major-General Sir W. Mansfield, K.C.B., the
chief of staft". As it seems probable that a(itive operations will now
cease, I have the greatest pleasure in seizing the opportunity
of recording my grateful sense of what I owe to this officer, and of
recommending him in the strongest possible manner for the favourable
consideration of your Excellency. Sir W. Mansfield executed all the
details of the various operations which I had thought it advisable to
order, with the greatest ability, and showed the most unwearied
diligence in directing, as was necessary, the simultaneous movements of
so many bodies of troops scattered often in small detachments over a
very great extent of country, and his care and attention have in a great
measure tended to bring about the very rapid and favourable results
which have been obtained."
For his services Sir William Mansfield received the thanks of
Parliament April 14th, 1859. In 1860 he was made Commander-in-
Chief of the Bombay Army, being in 1865 appointed Commander-
in-Chief for India. Five years later he was appointed Commander-in-
Chief of the Forces in Ireland, and was raised to the Peerage with
the title of Baron Sandhurst of Sandhurst, Berks, in 1871.
In addition to his military and political services, Lord Sandhurst
has also been active in matters of local administration. In addition to
being a Justice of the Peace for Middlesex, his Lordshi]) is also ;ui
Alderman of the London County Council, where he is much valued as
a member of the Finance aud Improvement Committees. A Liberal in
l)olitics, he belongs to the Progressive Party, by whom hi^ knowledge
and experience are recognised and fully appreciated.
Exceedingly charitable aud philanthropic, Lord Sandhurst is
always ready to do what he cau for the poor and sutfering. He
pai'ticularly intei'ests himself in the work of the London Hospitals and
for several years was the able Chairman of the Board for the Middlesex
Hospital.
In 1881 Lord Sandhurstmarried the Ijady Victorix Alexandrina
Spencer, (J.I., daughter of tho 4th Earl Spencer, K.G., who died
March 13th, I'JOG. The two childreu of the marriage died in infancy.
In 1898, His Lordship was made a Knight of Grace of the Order
of St. John of Jerusalem and G.C.S.L on returning from the
Governorship of Bombay.
Lord Sandhurst iu I'JOGwas nominated by H.M.S. Government
a member ol the Committee which was sent to South Africa to enquire
into and report as to the new Coustitutioti to be granted to the
Transvaal Colony, and on this Report the Constitution was mainly
founded.
Lord Sandhurst's town residence is (30, Eaton Square, his clubs
Brooks's, Garrick, Turf, and National Liberal.
CDe Baroness BuraettCoutts ana
IKr. W. £♦ i\. BartkttBuraettCoutts, \XtV*
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lEXT to Qaeeu Victoria, the first lady in England," so said
King Edward VII.— when Prince of Wales— alluding to
the "^ Baroness Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts. Her
■ Ladyship was born on the 21st April, 1814, and was the
fifth and youno-est daughter of the late Sir Francis Burdett, Bart., M.P.,
and Sophia, daughter of tlie late Thomas Coutts, Esq., the well-known
Banker of the Strand. It was in the year 1837 that she a.ssumed the
additional name of " Coutts."
As another modern historian has jnit it, London's gracious
benefactress, the Baroness Burdett-Coutts, was an important figure ni
the marvellous Reform demonstration of December, 18GG. The events
of December 3rd may be regarded without exaggeration as the
culminating triumph of an illustrious career.
Miss Coutts and a small party of her iutiiuate friends watched
at the bay-window of the drawing-room in Stratton Street for the first
approach of the monster gathering. It had been given out by the
leaders of the Reform Movement that there would not be fewer than
one hundred thousand men, who would march to Lord Ranelagh's.
They walked with arms linked togeither, six or eight abreast, and in
columns.
" As they came opposite Stratton Street, though Miss Coutts
stood more out of sight than any of us, they caught a glimpse of her
well-known face ; and in one instant a shout was raised, not only by
the members of the procession, but by all the bystanders, ' Three
cheers for Miss Coutts !' which was taken up again and again, as each
rank filed by, and never intermitted till all the crowds had dispersed.
Every hat was raised, every arm was unlinked, every eye was directed
to her, every face gleamed and glistened with pleasure, as with
unaffected simplicity, and with a gentle movement of her head, she
returned the universal greetings. For upwards of two hours the air
rang with reiterated huzzahs— huzzahs unanimous and heartfelt, and
as if representing a national sentiment."
The Baroness Burdett-Coutts has been loved for what she is,
not for what she has. " What is the use of my means," she wrote to
Dickens, " but to try and do some good with them ? "
The Baroness inherits many of her most brilliant qualities of
mind and character from her father, Sir Francis Burdett, 5th baronet
of his line. The Burdetts came over to England with the Conqueror
and, obtaining the manor of Louseby in Lincolnshire, they were for
several centuries settled in that count}'. Sir Nicholas Burdett, Grand
Butler of Normandy and Prefect of Evreux, fell in the battle of
Pontoise in 1440. His son Thomas was beheaded in 1477, under
Edward IV.
The Burdett baronetcy was created in 1619, and its first holder
acquired by marriage the estate of Foremark in Derbyshire. Francis
Burdett, father of the Bai'oness, was born in 1770, and was educated
at Westminster and Oxford. He was in Paris during the Revolution,
and attended debates in the National Assembly and the meetings of
tlie political clubs. Like Wordsworth, he was early inspired with the
passion for freedom, and in Parliament upheld in many a fierce
conflict the right of liberty of speech. His energy, his fervour, his
noble presence fascinated the House. Sir Francis was member for
Westminster during thirty eventful j^ears ; Mr. Burdett-Coutts has
held the seat Avithout interruption since 1885. To understand the
real position which Sir Francis occupied in our public Hfe at the
beoiiming of the last century, we must study the political pamphlets
of the time. One writer remarks — " Since the dehnt of Mr. Fox on
the political theatre of England, no individual has attracted half so
much notice as Sir Franc's Burdett."
His root-principle, like that of Ebenezer Elliott, was " The
people. Lord, the people, not crowns and thrones, but men."
He Avas imprisoned in the Tower by order of the Speaker for
daring to protest against the arrest of John Gates Jones, who had
criticised the exclusion of strangers from the House during the debates
on the Walcheren Expedition" His house. No. 80, Piccadilly, was
strongly barricaded, and for four days the emissaries of the Government
vainly attempted to break through the immense nuib of his sujiporters
who surrounded the house. The Lifeguards had at length to be called
in to remove him to the Tower. In the Paris papers these exciting
scenes were described as " A Revolution in London." After a three-
weeks' imprisonment, " Old Glory," as Sir Francis was proudly called
by his constituents, was allowed to return to his home. In 1819 ho
was again in trouble with the Government, was tried at the Leicester
Assize.Sj and fined £2,000.
Stormy as was the public career of Sir Francis Burdett, his
private life was singularly fortunate and serene. Soon after his
return from Fi-ance he became a visitor at the house of the wealthy
banker, Thomas Coutts, and met his " three braw dauchters " — Susan
(afterwards Countess of Guildford), Frances (afterwards Marchioness
of Bute), and Sophia. Like Lord Advocate Prestongrange in
Catriona, Mr. Coutts might have said of his three girls, " I think they
are more famous than papa." Francis Burdett won the heart of
the beautiful Sophia Coutts, and they were married on August 5,
1793. By this union Sir Francis had one son and five daughters.
The youngest daughter, Angela Georgina, born on April 21, 1814, is
now the Baroness Burdett-Coutts.
The history of the late Thomas Coutts — his Scottish ancestr}',
his great financial genius tlie ceaseless toil by which he amassed his
vast wealth, his infiuence with statesmen and princes, his love of
literature and the ch-ama, and his two romantic marriages — may be
studied most conveniently in the excellent work of Mr. Ralph
Jlichardson, Coutts cO Co. (Elliott Stock). Thomas Coutts was the
fourth son of John Coutts, Lord Provost of Edinburgh, and was born
in a house in the President's Stairs, Parhament Close, Edinburgh.
His mother was a daughter of Sir John Stewart, Bart., of Allanbank,
Berwickshire. He received his early education at the High School,
Edinburgh, and, with his three brothers, was placed in his father's
bank in Edinburgh to receive a thorough grounding in business. At
their father's death the four brothers decided to open a bank in
London. The London branch was first established by Patrick and
Thomas Coutts in Jeftrey's Square, St. Mary Axe. The present
banking house of Coutts & Co., in the Strand, was originally known
as Campbell & Coutts, James Coutts having left the Edinburgh bank
and joined Mr. George Campbell, one of the chief London bankers of
the eighteenth century. About 17 tO Mr. Campbell died, and_ from
that time onwards James and Thomas Coutts were sole partners in the
bank. Death early removed the other two sons of the Lord Provost.
James Coutts became Member of Parliament for Edinburgh, but
Thomas never took any personal part in politics. He does not seem
to have interfered with the political activities of his son-in-law, Sir
Francis Burdett. At the time when Sir Francis was sent to the
Tower, Queen Charlotte, who had a small sum in Coutt's bank, sent
to give notice that she would withdraw it in three days. He at once
rephed, presenting his humble duty and assuring Her Majesty that in
order to withdraw half a million of money from the bank of Coutts
& Co., only three hours' notice was required. The Queen, it is said,
did not close her account after all.
In the County of Wiltshire, five miles from Hungerford, lies
Ramsbury Manor, the favourite home of the Burdetts. Here the
Baroness spent much of her childhood, and there are still old residents
in the village who remember seeing her riding her ))ony on the
Marlborough Road.
The village was once a seat of the Bishops of Wiltshire, and
the stately church stands on the site of a much more ancient building.
In 1890, under the impulse of the Baroness, the church was restored
at a cost of £6,000.
The 7th baronet died in 1892, and the window over the
altar in Ramsbury Church was erected in his honour by his widow and
children. His successor. Sir Francis Burdett, the 8th baronet, was
born in 1869 and is unmarried. He served in the South African War,
and has recently acted as aide-de-camp to Sir J. West-Eidgeway in
Ceylon.
Ill the newer pait of the churchyard is a tombstone of grey
granite, raised by the Baroness Burdett-Coutts to the memory of a
dearly loved sister. The following words are engraved on it ;
Susannah Trevanion, .
Widow of J. J. B. Trevanion, of Caerhayes
Castle, Cornwall,
second daughter of
Sir Francis Burdett, Bart, M.P ,
and Sophia Coutts, bis wife.
Born November 29, 1800,
died May 17, 188G.
This stone, recording the affection felt for the
loving sister and affectionate step-grandmother,
is placed in this churchyard of Ramsbury
(her early home) by Angela, Baroness Burdett-
Coutts, wife of W. A. Bartlett Burdett-Coutts,
M.P., and by Hugh Charles Trevanion.
At the foot of the stone is this verse from a well-known hymn :
When the day of toil is done
When the race of life is run,
Father, grant Thy wearied one
Rest for evermore.
In the year 1881 the Baroness married Mr. William Lehman
Ashmead Bartlett, and shortl}' afterwards he assumed the name of the
Baroness — " Burdett-Coutts." He was born in the United States in
the }-ear 1851, and was the second son of the late Ellis Bartlett,
of Plymouth, New England, and Sophia, daughter of John King
Ashmead, of Philadelphia, the grandparents on both sides being
British subjects. He was educated at Keble College, Oxford (Scholar
M.A., 1876). For many years prior to his marriage, he was associated
in various benificent undertakings with the Lady who was eventually
to become his bride.
The Baroness having originated the Turkish Compassionate
Fund, Mr. Bartlett volunteered to proceed to the seat of the Russo-
Turkish War as a Special Commissioner. In 1877 he was awarded
the Star, and second class of the Medjedie. He was one of the
principal originators of the Fisheries Exhibition, and has interested
himself considerably in the question of the food supply of the poor of
London.
In the year 1899-1900, he visited Ireland to assist in organising
relief in the distressed districts. Subsequentlj^ he largely developed
the Baroness' scheme for benefiting Irish fishermen. He was the
founder of the Brookfield Stud.
Besides being a Trustee of the Baltimore Fishery School, Mr.
Burdett-Coutts is also a Governor of Christ's Hospital. In 1888 and
1889 he was Master of the Turners' Company, and was one of the
Founders of the British East African Possessions. His greatest
political achievements have been the passing of the " Hampstead
Heath Act, 1885," by which Parliament Hill and three hundred acres
were made public recreation grounds, the " Police Enfranchisement and
Metropolitan Amendment Act, 1887," and the " Advertisement Eating
Act, 1889." In 1900 he went out to South Africa as The Times
correspondent with regard to the sick and wounded, and his reports led
to the appointment of a Royal Commission of Enquiry. After the
publication of the Commission's report, the Government promised a
" drastic reform " of the Army Medical service, and an elaborate
scheme of improvement has since been passed.
At the General Election of 1900, Mr. Burdett-Coutts was
opposed by an independent Conservative on the Hospital question,
with the result that he was elected by 2,715 to 439 votes. At the
last General Election he was returned as the Member for Westminster.
In addition to his Parliamentary and other duties, Mr. Burdett-Coutts
finds time to conti'ibute to the literature of the day.
The Baroness Burdett-Coutts, in addition to beinof co-heir to
Thomas Coutts (the Banker), was also heiress to the Duchess of St.
Albans.
Her Ladyship is possessed of three residences — No. 1, Stratton
Street, Piccadilly, W. ; Heydon Hall, Reepham, Norfolk ; and Holly
Lodge, West Hill, Highgate.
The last named residence, with the grounds, was formerly the
property of the late Duchess of St. Albans, and passed to the Baroness
at her death. In the days when the Duchess lived there, Holl}' Lodge
was famous for its fetes and garden parties, and those given b}' the
Baroness have been at least equally celebrated. One of the most
memorable was that which took place on the 19th July, 1870, in
honour of the Belgian Volunteers, when the party especially invited to
meet them included King Edward (then Prince of Wales). The house
has little architectural character externally, having become what it is
by frequent additions ; hut the interior is handsome and commodious,
and contains many good pictures and objects of art. The Conservatory,
in addition to a rich store of exotics, contains a fine collection of
minerals, admirably classified by Professor Tennant. The gardens are
kept in the finest condition, and the grounds are varied, well wooded,
and in parts from the fir hill afford good vievvs.
In Swain's Lane, a short distance from Holly Lodge, is Holly
Village, a group of detached model cottages built by Miss (now the
Baroness) JBurdett-Coutts in 1865-6 from the designs of Mr.
Darbyshire.
Her Ladyshi]) is Baroness in her own right, the creation dating
from 1871 (United Kingdom). She is also a Lady of Grace of the
Order of St. Jolin of Jerusalem, as well as possessing the Turkish
Orders of " Chafokat " and the Medjedie (1st Class). The Freedoms
of the Cities of London and Edinburgh have also been conferred upon
her.
The Baroness is patron of three livings — St. Stephen's,
Westminster ; Ramsbury and Baydon, Wiltshire.
Not only is the Baroness Burdett-Coutts famous for her wealth,
but also for her extensive benevolence, and Queen Victoria acknov/-
ledged her many acts of charity by raising her to the peerage. At the
time of the publication of Sir Walter Besant's famous novel. All Sorts
and Conditions of Men, it was an open secret that he had modelled
his heroine upon the Baroness. She is a staunch supporter of the
Established Church, and has founded Bishoprics for Adelaide, Natal,
and Columbia, in the North West of America ; and has also erected
Churches in Westminster and Carlisle. The Columbia ]\Iarket and the
Highgate model lodging houses testify to her love for the poor, while
all her life has been spent in fostering and aiding every work in any
way calculated to promote the welfare of her countrymen, or alleviate
the sutl^erings of the poor and afflicted. Amongst Englishwomen of
every class she will always be remembered with feelings of love and
respect.
i
1
CDe RidM l>on.
CH Cord l)illin9aon, DX.. J.p.
HE senior partner in the firm of Glyn, Mills, Currie and Co.,
Lord Hillingdon ranks high in the financial world, being
one of the select circle in whose hands lie much of the
stability of international commerce. The question. " What
is a pound ? " was once put in an interesting debate in the House of
Commons, and was more easily asked than readily answered. Monetary
questions are necessaril}'' abstruse, and even confusing to the lay mind.
We are not all financiers and bankers. Like the poet, perhaps, it may
with considerable truth be said that the capable banker is born, not
made. A good banker must be endowed with certain natural gifts,
although, of course, acquired qualities are not to be despised. Financial
acumen, commercial prescience, quick calculation, shrewd wit, and ready
resource are only a part of his professional equipment.
Lord Hillingdon is the eldest son of the 1st Lord Hillingdon,
by Lady Louisa Lascelles, eldest daughter of Henry, 3rd Earl of
Harewood. He was born in 1855, and was educated at Eton. He
married in 1886 the Hon. Alice Harbord, .second daughter of the 5th
Baron Suflfield.
In Kent, where he has a residence. The Wilderness, Sevenoaks,
Lord Hillingdon has always taken a great interest. Formerly he was
a Lieutenant in the West Kent Yeomanry Cavalry, and from 1885-92
sat as the Conservative member for Sevenoaks. He is a Justice of the
Peace and a Deputy Lieutenant for the County, and also Lieutenant
for the City of London.
As head of the Mills family, Lord Hillingdon traces his descent
from the Rev. John Mills, M. A., rector of Barford and Oxhill, co.
Warwick, the eldest son of John Mills, one of the clerks in the Court
of Chancery. He was born in 1712 and married in 1749, Sarah,
daughter of the Rev. William Wheler, banker, of Leamington
Hastings, co. Warwick, and grand-daughter of Admiral Sir Francis
Wheler, Kt., younger son of Sir Charles Wheler.
The eldest son of this marriage, William Mills, of Bisterne,
Southampton, was the Member of Parliament for Coventry, and his
third son, Charles, was created a Baronet. He was a Justice of the
Peace and a Deputy Lieutenant for Middlesex and at one time was a
member of the Council of Lidia. He married in 1825, Emily, daughter
of Richard Henry Cox, of Hillingdon. Their eldest son, who was
created the first Baron Hillingdon in 1886, was the Member for West
Kent from 1868-85.
As the owner of Hillingdon Court, Uxbridge, and one of the
principal landowners in the surrounding district. Lord Hillingdon is
well known and widely respected in Middlesex. As a landlord he
bears a high reputation. He is diligent in the discharge of the
duties of his position and is symjiathetic and liberal. He recognises
that property has not only its dues, hut its duties. He is animated by
the true spirit of benevolence which seeks opportunities for doing good,
instead of waiting for the occasion to be pointed out and the means
solicited. For instance, when he sought to perpetuate the memory of
his father, he built at Hillingdon Heath, in 1899, a men's club and
institute which has proved a valuable addition to the social amenities
of the district available for the workinof classes
o
True to the traditions of his family. Lord Hillingdon has always
regarded Conservatism as the champion of the best and truest interests
of the people of this country. Being satisfied that the principles of the
Party are sound, he has never hesitated to accord it his very warmest
support, both in Parliament and out, firmly believing that for
Conservatism to remain popular, its sympathies must be catholic,
its principles progressive and its work comprehensive.
Cfte RisM Bon^
Che Cora JlmDerst of Backncp, DX., 3.P-
jS a Justice of the Peace and a Deputy Lieutenant for the
County, Lord Amherst of Hackney maintains an active
interest with Middlesex, although his ftimily hails from
Kent, and he himself has devoted a great number of years
to the Parliamentary service of Norfolk.
The name of Amherst (or, as it is found in old documents,
Hamherst, Hemeherst, or Emherst) is taken from a placo called
Amherst or Hamherst in Pembury parish, near Tunbridge, co. Kent.
The name of a member of the family appears in Pipe Roll of the 1 5th
Henry III. A.D. 1230. A Roger de Hemeherst is mentioned in a
deed, of which a copy is preserved in the College of Arms and his
name has a place upon a pedigree of the family which was attested by
Camden. His descendant Walter, who is mentioned in the above deed,
appears upon a subsidy Roll of Pembury Parish in the first year of
Edward IH's reign, being spoken of as Walterus de Emherst. His
name occurs more than once in this connection.
The pedigree referred to above as being attested by Camden,
begins with John Andierst of Amherst in the village of Pembury, who
was living in the reign of Richard II. and left a son and heir, Thomas,
whose son and heir, also Thomas, is named in a record, dated 1433, as
one of the chief persons in the district. He died in 1460, possessed of
much land in Pembury, Capel, and Hadlow,
His son, Thomas, was the fether of four sons of whom John, the
third, who died in 1578, was the ancestor of the Earls Amherst.
Thomas Amherst's great-great-great-grandson was John
Amherst who was High Sheriff of Kent in 1698. His brother Nicholas
was a Captain in the Army, and by his second marriage with the only
daughter and heir of Robert Evering, junior, of Evering, Kent (the last
of the male line of the family of Evering or Averenches, the
younger branch of the family of Averenches, Lords of Folkestone
and Vicomtes of Averenches in ^Js^ormandy), became Lord of the
Manor of Evering, which had descended lineally since its creation by
William the Conqueror as a knight's fee held of the Barony of Folke-
stone and by castle guard service of Dover Castle.
John Amherst, grandson of Nicholas Amherst, was a Captain in
the Royal Navy, and by his marriage with his second wife, Mary Tyssen,
their daughter became eventually possessed of the Manors of Hacknej^
Middlesex, and Foulden, Norfolk. His said only surviving daughter
and sole heiress, Amelia Amherst, married William George Daniel, of
Folev House, Kent, who in rioht of his wife became Lord of the Manor
of Hackney and by Royal license in 1814 assumed the surname and
arms of Tyssen in addition to Daniel. The eldest son of this marriage,
William G, Tyssen Daniel Tyssen (afterwards Tyssen-Ainhurst) was
High Sheriff of Norfolk in 1843. By Royal sign manual he in 1852
assumed the name of Tyssen-Amhurst, discontinuing that of Daniel.
It is his eldest son who is the present and first Baron Amherst
of Hackney, a dignity to which he was raised in 1892. Lord Amherst
(William Amhurst Tyssen-Amherst) has resumed by Royal License
(1877) the more ancient and correct spelling of his surname — Andierst.
A great deal of his time Lord Amherst spends at his Norfolk
seat, Didlington Hall, Brandon, Norfolk, for the Western Division of
which County he sat as Member of Parliament from 1880 — 85, rej^re-
senting the South Western Division from 1885 — 92. He is a Justice
of the Peace for the County and in 1866 served as its High Sheriff.
He is also a Justice of ths Peace for Westminster.
Lord Amherst, who was born in 1835, married in 1856 Margaret
Susan, the only child of Admiral Eobert jMitford, of Humanly Hall,
CO. York, and of Mitford Castle, Northumberland. Lady Amherst,
who is the authoress of a sketch of Egyptian History (1904), is a Lady
of Grace of the Order of St. John, of Jerusalem, of which Order Lord
Amherst is a Knight of Justice. Lord Amherst has six daughters
living-, the uklcst of whom, and his heir under special remainder, is
Mary Rothes Margaret, Lady of Justice of St. John of Jerusalem, who
manicd in 1885 Lord William Cecil, M V.O., third son of the Marquess
of Exeter, and who has four sons.
Lord Amherst's town house is 8, Grosvenor Square, W., and
his clubs the Marlborough, Athenaeum, Carlton, Travellers' and Royal
Yacht Squadron.
♦t
Capt. Sir Cbarks 6ibtons, Bart
R.n., DX., 3.p.
ITANWELL Place, Staines, the family residence of Capt. Sir
' Charles Gibbons, is situated in a picturesque part of the
County, and in a district, moreover, which is inseparably
bound up with the Nation's most treasured liberties, for it
was within a mile of Staines that King John signed Magna Charta, and
it is stated, though probably without foundation, that after affixing his
signature King John repaired to Staines and there lay for a night at a
house near the church, upon the site of which Duncroft House, a
picturesque Jacobean dwelling, once the residence of Lord Cranstoun,
now stands.
In 1603 Sir Walter Ealeigh was summoned to Staines from
London, where the Plague was then raging, and was tried and
condemned for high treason by the Royal Commissioners sitting in the
Old Market House.
The Protector Cromwell was a frequent visitor in Staines, and
Cromwell House, situated in the High Street, is pointed out as a place
where he broke his journeys to Windsor.
Another notable landmark in Staines is the London Stone on
the bank of the river. This denoted the limit of the authority of the
City of London over the upper reaches of the Thames. The stone
bears the date 1280 and the inscription, " God preserve the City of
London," together with the names of several Lord Mayors who
visited it in their official capacity. Staines Bridge is the connecting
link between Middlesex and Surrey. It was first officially erected in
1262, when three oaks were granted from Windsor Forest for its repair,
which was undertaken by Thomas de Oxenforde, a merchant who greatly
used the bridge and adjacent roads in conducting his trade with Ijondon.
The present bridge, a handsome stone structure of three arches,
erected at a cost of ^41,000 was opened by William IV. in 1832.
Two miles to the north-east of Staines is the village of Stanwell,
the Manor of which for many centuries belonged to the Windsor family.
But Henry VII. compelled the then Lord to surrender the property
and he himself used the house for many years as a hunting seat. The
Manor remained in Roj'al hands until the time of James I. who
bestowed it upon the Lord Knyvett. He there had charge of the
King's daughter. Princess Mary, who died there.
At the time of the Civil War, Dr. Bruno Ryves, the militant
Royalist and author of " Mercurius Rusticus," was Rector of Stanwell.
He was ejected from the living by Cromwell, but was replaced at the
Restoration and died 13th July, 1677.
It was on the site of the old Manor House that Stanwell Place,
which has now for many decades been the residence of the Gibbons
family, was built. It is very prettily placed, being surrounded by a
beautifullj^ wooded ])ark through which a tributary of the river Colne
meanders with surprisingly beautiful results.
Since the death of Sir John Gibbons, his father, Sir Charles
Gibbons has resided at Stanwell Place and quietly and unostentatiously
performed tho duties of a County gentleman. Born in 1 828, Sir Charles
early displayed a liking for the sea and in due course joined the Royal
Navy, from which he retired in 1877 with the rank of Captain.
In his early naval days Sir Charles saw active service in many
parts of the world. He was in the Black Sea during the Crimean War
and for his services in connection with the campaign was decorated
with the Crimean medal and clasp.
In 1864 Sir Charles married Lydia Martha, the fourth daughter
of Major John Doran (of the 18th Regiment) of Ely House, co.
Wexfoi'd, and sister of General Sir John Doran, K.C.B. By this
marriage he has had three sons and two daughters.
From 1868-79 Sir Charles Gibbons held an important post in
the Government Emigration Office, but he finally retired from official
service in the last mentioned year.
As a landed proprietor, Sir Charles knows something of the
present agricultural distress, having been obliged to let his farms at
considerably reduced rents. His duties connected with his estate, added
to those devolving upon him as a Justice of the Peace — Sir Charles is a
regular attendant at the Spellthorne Petty Sessions, of which for many
years his father, Sir John, was Chairman — preclude Sir Charles from
taking a very active part in local government. But Lady Gibbons is
a member of the Staines Board of Guardians and also of the Rural
Council, in which offices she takes a keen interest and has proved
herself invaluable. Her Ladyship is a great believer in emigration as
a remedy for poverty and strongly urges upon her colleagues on the
Board of Guardians the advisability and advantages of aiding suitable
people to go to Canada.
In the latter part of 1904 Stanwell Place was partially
destroyed by fire, originating in the servants' quarters through an
overheated flue. Owing to the state of the weather — a severe frost
prevailing — it was sometime before the fire brigade arrived and pending
their appearance Sir Charles and his heir, Captain Gibbons, organised
a bucket brigade of guests and servants.
Sir Charles is a very popular landlord and is much respected
throughout the district.
The Gibbons family has had interesting connections with the
Island of Barbadoes, to the House of Assembly of which the 1st
Baronet (who was raised to that dignity in 1752) was Speaker. The
2nd Baronet, Sir John Gibbons, was the Member of Parliament for
Wallingford, and his brother, Robert, was Member of Council to the
Island of Barbadoes. Robert's third son, William Barton Gibbons,
was Lieutenant-Colonel, Provincial aide-de-camp, and Justice of the
Peace for Barbadoes.
Honourable military traditions also belong to the family, for
Robert Gibbons' second son, Frederick, served with the forces during
the Peninsular War and as a Lieutenant in the 7th Fusiliers, was
severely wounded at Albuera in 1811, whilst his cousin, Captain
George Gibbons (son of Sir William Gibbons), was killed there.
Sir Frcaerick DixonBartland, BartM iK.P.t 3*P-
GENTLEMAN to whom Middlesex owes much is Sir
Frederick Dixon Dixon-Hartland, who has sat continuously
as the Conservative member of Parliament for the Uxbridge
Division of the County since 1885, prior to which period he
represented Evesham for five years.
The family which Sir Frederick represents is an old one known
to have been settled in Devonshire at an early period. Thence it
removed to Gloucestershire as a result of becoming possessed of a
property near Newent, called Cagley Hall. A member of this family—
who became Governor of Berwick-on-Tweed, and the key of that town
was bj/ licence incorporated in the family arms — Nathaniel Hartland,
of the Oaklands, Charlton Kings, married in 1825 Eliza, daughter and
heiress of Thomas Dixon, of King's Lynn, and their eldest son who
was born in 1832 is the present member for Uxbridge.
Sir Frederick was educated at Cheltenham College and at
Clapham Grammar School. In 1867 he married Grace, youngest
daughter of Col. Wilson, K.H.. by whom he has three daughters, and
in 1895 he married, secondly, Agnes Chichester, daughter of W.
Langham Christie, Esq., of Glyndebourne, Lewes, M.P.
As a public worker Sir Frederick Dixon-Hartland has done
much in various directions other than that of Parliament. He can
claim to have been intimately associated with an organisation which
has had a considerable share in modern politics, for he was one of the
Founders of the Primrose League, a body which in its earlier days was
ridiculed by many of the older politicians as being only fit for " the
young parsons and the poetic young ladies " But as the League
became older it was able to show its detractors that it is perfectly
possible for the beautiful to be useful and decidedly effective.
As a Middlesex Alderman and Chairman of the Finance
Committee, Sir Frederick has proved that he has sound business
abilities and that he is always ready to exercise them for the benefit of
the County. Another important business position he has held is that
of Chairman of the Thames Conservancy for ten years, and he is a
Director of the London, City and Midland Bank, and also a Governor
of Christ's Hospital.
Sir Frederick Dixon-Hartland was created a Baronet in 1892.
He is a Justice of the Peace for Middlesex, London, Worcestershire,
Gloucestershire and Sussex.
His own particular bent is shown in his publications which are
" The Royal Genealogical and Chronological Chart of the Royal
Families of Europe," and " The Chronological Dictionary of the Royal
Families of Europe," the excellence with which these are arranged
being evidence that Sir Frederick has followed his hobby with the
vigour and thoroughness which distinguish him in other matters.
When in London Sir Frederick lives at 14, Chesham Place, S.W.
He is the owner of two fine country seats in Middleton Manor, Sussex,
and Ashley Manor, Gloucestershire. His clubs are the Carlton and
Garrick.
SIR CORY FRANCIS CORY-WRIGHT, Bart., D.L., J.P.
Sir Corp Francis CorpWrigM, Bart,DX-J.p.
IE Cory Francis Cory- Wright is one of the best known
commercial men in the City of London, and at the same
time he is equally well known throughout Middlesex for
his long and honourable connection with local government
and the administration of justice within the County.
Sir Francis was born in 1839 and in his veins the blood of the
Army and the Church may be said to co-mingle. His father was the
late Lieutenant William Wright, of the Rifle Brigade (now 95th
Eegiment), who served in Holland in 1813 and 1814 and was present
at the attack on Merxem and the bombardment of the French Fleet at
Antwerp. He also took part in the campaign of the following year and
was wounded at the end of the day at the battle of Waterloo.
Subsequently, he Avas with the Army of occupation of Paris and
retired from active service in 1828. On his mother's side Sir Francis
is descended from Bishop Hooper, the Martyr of Queen Mary's Rei<i-n,
while one of his ancestors, Daniel Race, was Chief Cashier of the
Bank of FiUgland from 1740-75.
Mr. Cory-Wright, at the age of 21, entered the business house
of William Cory & Son, of London, probably the largest firm of coal
distributors in the world, the annual turnover amounting to over six
million tons. In 1888 Mr. Cory-Wright succeeded to the"' headship of
the firm and assumed the additional surname of Cory before that of
Wright. He is an active member of the Company of Wm. Cory &
Son and Chairman of the Board.
Early in 1874 Mr. C. F. Cory- Wright became a member of the
Hornsey Local Board and in 1893 he succeeded the late Mr. Henry
Reaver Williams as Chairman. He was re-elected year after year even
when the old Local Board of Health had given place to the District
Council, and only retired from the post when Hornsey became a
Municipal Borough in 1903, after completing 30 years as a member of
the Board, of which for 10 years he w^as Chairman. In June, 1903, he
received the honour of a Baronetcy. For more than 30 years Sir
Francis resided at " Northwood," Hornsey Lane, Highgate, and on
the occasion of the Diamond Jubilee of Her late Majesty, Queen
Victoria, he was one of those who combined to elaborately decorate that
thoroughfare. His own house and grounds were perhaps the most
extensively illuminated of any and Sir Francis and Lady Cory-Wright
stood out upon the lawn, while for several hours the enormous crowd
attracted by news of the spectacle filed in at one gate and out at the
other.
In his administrative capacity Sir Francis was, and is, a strict
economist and he successively opposed schemes for Public Baths, Public
Libraries, and Electric Light in order that the ratepayers might have
a clear knowledge of the cost involved and themselves decide as to
whether they could afford anything but absolute essentials.
To Sir Francis's initiative and energetic advocacy, both at the
District Council and at the County Council, was due the preservation
of some 52 acres of beautiful woodland at Higligate — part of the
primaeval forest of Middlesex — from the speculative bull ler for the free
use and enjoyment of the people for ever. After having been thus
secured by the passing of a private Act of Parliament, the woodland
was formerly opened by H.R.H. the Duchess of Albany, and named
" Queen's Wood " in commemoration of the Diamond Jubilee of
Queen Victoria.
Sir Francis was also one of the first to join in the effort to
secure the Alexandra Palace and Park for the people, and he was one
of the seven gentlemen who together provided £5,000 to secure the
option of purchase. Naturally, he became a Trustee when the
difficult task had been accomplished and the Palace and Park became
the property of the people.
In addition to his work on the local Council, Sir Francis has
for many years devoted a great deal of time to the affairs of the
County of Middlesex, of which he is an Alderman. He is Chairman
of the Light Railways Committee, and is concerned with the completion
CAEN WOOD TOWEES (East View).
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CAEN WOOD TOWEES (South View)
of a scheme involving over two millions sterling. He is also
Chairman of the New Asylums Committee, where, again, the work
has been of an exceptionally responsible nature.
Sir Francis Cory-Wright served the office of High Sheriff of
Middlesex for the year 1902-3. He is a Justice of the Peace and a
Deputy-Lieutenant for the County of Middlesex, and is Chairman of
the Highgate Petty Sessional Bench. He is also a Justice of the
Peace for the County of London and was for over ten years a Visiting
Justice at both Pentonville and Holloway Prisons. Sir Francis also
sits on the Thames Conservancy Board as a representative of the Ship-
owners of the City of London. Always in great sympathy with the
work of the Hospitals, Sir Francis has identified himself very closely
with both the Tottenham Hospital and the Great Northern Central
Hospital, being Chairman of the one and Deputy Chairman of the
other, but owing to the work at Tottenham he resigned his position
at the Great Noi'thern Hospital. He has also taken a great interest
in the movement for increasing the support and development of the
Volunteer Forces in Middlesex.
Politically, Sir Francis has always been a staunch supporter of
the Conservative Party. He was the founder of the original
Conservative Association for the Highgate district of Hornsey, but has
always declined to become a candidate for Parliamentary honours,
although on several occasions he has been invited to contest various
constituencies.
Sir Francis resides at Caen Wood Towers, Highgate. His
clubs are the Junior Carlton and the St. Stephen's.
In 1868 he married Mima, youngest daughter of the late Sir
Hugh Owen, formerly of the Local Government Board.
Sir Francis and Lady Cory- Wright have a family of two sons
and three daughters. The eldest son and heir, Arthur Cory-Wright,
Esq., is a Justice of the Peace for Hertfordshire ; the younger son,
Dudley, is a Barrister-at-Law of the Inner Temple, and is a Justice of
the Peace for Middlesex. Sir Francis' eldest daughter, Elsie Maud,
married in January, 1899, the Rev. Gilbert Montague Hall, M.A.,
Oxon., Rector of Bushey, Herts., and his second daughter, Mabel, in
April, 1901, Herbert Nield, Esq., J.P., Barrister-at-Law, and Member
of Parliament for the Ealing Division of the County. His youngest
daughter, Hilda, is unmarried.
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COL. SIR ALFRED SOMERSET. K.C.B.. D.L.. J.P.
Colonel $ir fllfrca Somerset, K.C.B.. D.C., 3.p.
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fESCENDED from a distinguished and historic line, Colonel
Sir Alfred Somerset, of Enfield Court, has himself added
many honours to the family escutcheon. He is a type of
the older British aristocracy whose members are all too few
in these pushing days of new men and new estates. Sir Alfred is a
soldier and a gentleman. Innate is his spirit of courtesy ; his neigh-
bourly concern for all cLisses around him a natural intuition ; while
his patriotism is an example to all stations. And who could be held
in higher esteem ? Probably, even Sir Alfred Somerset and his
family scarcely realise how whole-hearted and deep rooted are the
respect and regard in which they are held in a district now, ala^,
being rapidly invaded by the modern builder.
In olden days when the Great Forest of Middlesex extended
right into Hornsey, the wild boar, the bear and the wolf were
amongst the denizens of Etifield Chase, and even when they had
been exterminated there still remained attractive sport for many a
monarch and ecclesiastic who found the Forest's proximity to London
a matter of keen satisfaction. Of Queen Elizabeth Enfield has
many a legend, for with the other children of Henry VIII. she was
brought up at Enfield House, where, indeed, after her father's
death, she resided for some time, and where she also visited after
her accession to the Throne. Amongst famous people wlio in later
days have resided at Chase Side have been Charles Lamb, Isaac
D'Israeli, the father of the famous Earl of Beaconsfield, and William
Pitt, the first Earl of Chatham. Charles Keats, too, when a boy
was educated at a private school there.
The only son of the late Colonel Lord John Thomas Henry
Somerset, seventh son of the 5th Duke of Beaufort, and Catherine
Annesley, daughter of the first Earl of Mount Morris, Sir Alfred
Somerset was born in 1829. Following the military traditions of
his house, Sir Alfred Somerset joined the Ariny. He was gazetted
in January, 1847, to the 52nd Oxfordshire Light Infantry, and in
May the same year was transferred to the 13th Light Infantry, with
■which regiment he served in Ireland, Scotland and on foreign
service. Upon leaving this regiment, in 1860, he raised in Enfield a
corps of Volunteers called the 35th Middlesex. In 1861 he was
appointed by General Sir James Yorke Scarlett to the command of
the Central London Rifle Rangei's whose headquarters were at
Gray's Inn and to whom the 35th joined as a company. In 1866
he was appointed Lieut.-Col. Commandant of the West Middlesex
Rifle Volunteers, becoming Hon. Col. in 1871. Simultaneously he was
Senior Major of the King's Own Tower Hamlets Light Infantry
(now the 7th Battalion Rifle Brigade). He continued to hold both
these posts until 1 872, when he was appointed Colonel Commandant ot
the latter, and Hon. Col. in 1892. In January, 1907, he will have
completed a grand total of sixtj- years' service.
Belonging to that class whose robust love of all honourable
sport enthuses vitality and prosperity along the country side, Sir
Alfred has strenuously endeavoured to enpsure that others should
benefit from his own enjoj-ment of life and for sixteen years he drove a
public coach of his own, called *' The Hirondelle," from Enfield to
Hitchin, having four teams on the road. From time to time his genial
and popular figure is still welcomed along the County highways when
he is driving his coach and four. As one of the most ardent admirers
of the equine race it is not surprising that Sir Alfred has no affection
for the modern motor.
From 1875 to 1885, he was master of the Hertfordshire Hounds.
They met at Luton Park on Friday, December lOth, 1880. The
King hunted with the Pack on that day as he was staying at Luton
Park.
In 1885, Col. Somerset started the Enfield Chase Stag Hounds
and resigned the Mastership in 1889. The present Master is Mr.
Walker, of High Canons Park, Shenley.
SILVER CUP
Presented to Col. Sir Alfred Somerset
by the Gentry and Inhabitants of Enfield, February, 1876,
Enfield Court, Sir Alfred Somerset's Middlesex residence, is a
picturesque mansion of which parts date from the seventeenth
century. Although much of it has been rebuilt and considerably
modernised, tliere still remain various quaint specimens of brickwork
whicii are the delight of antiquarians. Inside the house the eye of the
visitor is very quickly cauglit by the various public presentations which
evince the very general and widespread esteem felt for (Sir Alfred in and
around Enfield. In the hall are also to be seen several highly interest-
ing and valuable historical trophies in the form of French sabres and
cuirasses " picked up " by Sir Alfred's father on the field of Waterloo,
in which famous battle he and various other members of the Somerset
House distinguished themselves.
In the dining room hangs a splendid oil painting by the Hon.
John Collier, being a portrait of Sir Alfred in hunting costume. An
inscription explains ' that this was presented to " Colonel A. P.
Somerset, C.B , D.L., J.P., by the Enfield Chase Stag Hunt,
September, 1897." It is interesting to compare this portrait with
another painted fifty years earlier, also hanging in the diiiing room,
and which shows Sir Alfred in the smart and picturesque uniform then
belonging to the 13th Prince Albert's Light Infantry, a uniform uuich
more ornate and efl:ective than the one now in vogue.
In the drawing room are two exceedingly handsome silver cups.
The first of these was presented to Sir Alfred so long ago as February
•Jth, 1876. It was the gift of the gentry and inhabitants of Enfield
to Sir Alfred on the occasion of a public dinner given in his honour.
The cup is of very chaste design and workmanship, having round its
base four models in silver of chestnut horses. The inscription records the
sentiments of over two hundred subscribers : — " Presented to Colonel
Alfred Plantagenet Frederick Charles Somerset, J. P., and Deputy
Lieutenant for'the County of Middlesex, in token of their great esteem
for his uniform courtesy and liberality towards them."
A second cup was presented to Sir Alfred by the 35th in iy6'2,
whilst in 1892 he received from the 7th Battalion Itifie Brigade a silver
statuette of himself on horseback. This bears two inscriptions, one
recording that it was the gift of tlie officc^r's, non-commissioned ofilcers,
and men of the battalion as a small token of their sincere esteem over
a period of twenty-eight years' services, during twenty of which he was
in command. The second inscription runs :^" This statuette is a replica
of the Somerset challenge trophy w hich was subscribed for by the
oftlcers past and present to perpetuate in the battalion the memory and
name of their old Chief. The base is cast from bronze of French guns
captured at Waterloo, a battle in which Colonel Somerset's father and
other relatives distinguished themselves."
The grounds which sun-ound Enfield Court are elegantly laid
out, their chief pride being a fine terraced garden with clipped yews
that boasts a walk some four hundred feet in length. The New River
runs through the estate and from it water is obtained (under a business
arrangement with the Water Board) for filling a large ornamental fish
pond, the centre of which is spanned by a level rustic bridge. Near
this pond is a veteran willow, now, it is feared, fixst becoming decayed.
This tree has an interesting history, for it has grown from a cutting
from the willow which drooped over Napoleon's grave at St. Helena ;
but although it will soon exist only in memory, other cuttings have
been taken in time from it so that in other parts of the domain its
traditions will be perpetuated. Amongst the remaining trees in the
arrounds are four hollies of remarkable mas^nificencc which have been
immortalized by engravings in the historic " Beauties of Middlesex."
In front of Enfield Court is another fine old tree, a fir, now
advanced in years, which owes its existence to the fact that it was a
cutting from a fir tree which stands in the srrounds of the celebrated
Queen's Palace at Enfield.
A small building in another part of the grounds was formerly
the armoury for the 35th. It was used in IS'oO and it was there that
some of the men were drilled. In those days the Volunteers were
drawn mainly from the professional and well established middle classes
who not only found their own uniforms but also subscribed annually to
provide the expenses of the corps. Colonel Somerset regrets that
this system no longer prevails. He is also strongly of opinion that it
was a great pity that the Militia were ever drafted into the Volunteers
as the eftect of this has been only to weaken both.
All his life Sir AHred Somerset has been associated with the
welfare of Enfield and to this day his solicitude for the happiness of
his neighbours is shown in the fixct that his spacious and handsome
riding school is frequently placed, without any sort of charge, at the
disposal of the public. For this riding school Sir Alfred has obtained
the County Council dancing and music licenses. It has a seating
capacity for 691 people, and every alternate Sunday and Wednes-
day afternoon the Enfield Town Silver Prize Band here entertain
crowded audiences who thoroughly appreciate the music they are
enabled by Sir Alfred's generosity to enjoy in comfort. The Sunday
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SILVER STATUETTE OF COL. SIR ALFRED SOMERSET.
Presented to him by the Officers,
Non-Commissioned Officers and Men ot the 7lh Batt. Rifle Brigade, 1892.
programmes are composed entirely of sacred music, Uut on Wednesdays
secular airs of the most interestint( type are discoursed On some
occasions soirees are held when lady and gentlemen artistes from London
give entertainments. This riding school has been f>hiced to strangely
different uses for the public benefit. For instance, some years ago when
the parish church was being restored it was temporarily used as a
Church, Sir Alfred adding a small wing, known as " the vestry," to
improve the accommodation. During the winter months the school
and the adjoining handsome coach house (which is then cleared of its
equipages) are placed at the disposal of the Enfield public for balls and
concerts, the coach house forming an admirable supper room. It was
in this riding school that the Coronation Ball was held. It is such
generous thoughtfulness as this which has caused Sir Alfred Somerset
to occupy so large a place in the hearts of the people of Enfield. At
various times those who have benefited so greatly from his kindness
have been anxious to show their appreciation of it, and one such result
is to be seen in a hatidsome silver cup, which, together with a framed
testimonial subscribed by some two hundred of the gentry and resitlents
of Enfield, was presented to Sir Alfred at a town's meeting. Other
demonstrations of public esteem have also taken the form of presenta-
tions. For instance, Sir Alfred is the owner of two very handsome
silver mounted four-horse whips, one of which bears the inscription —
"Presented by the Enfield Brass Band, 28th June, 1884, as a token of
gratitude " ; the other having been " Presented to Col. Somerset, the
Proprietor of the Hirondelle, by James Oddy, Esq., in token of respect
and esteem, 14th August, 1883."
In 1857 Colonel Sir Alfred Somerset married Adelaide Harriet,
daughter of Vice-Admiral Sir G. Brooke-Pechell, Bart., M.P. He
was created a Commander of the Bath in 1892, receiving the dignity
of K.C.B. ten years later. •
The ancestry of the Somersets is one of considerable distinction,'
dating back to Charles Somerset who was created a Knight of the
Garter in 141)G. He married the only daughter of William Herbert,
Earl of Huntingdon, Lord Herbert of Ragland, and Chepstow and
Gowei-, in whose right he assumed the title of Lord Herbert, being
summoned to Parliament in this dignity in 1509. Lord Herbert was
appointed Lord Chamberlain for life as a reward for the distinguished
part he played in the taking of Teroueunc and Tournay, and was
created Earl of Worcester.
A very notable Royalist was the second Marquess of Worcester
who was apjjointed Lord Lieutenant of Wales by Charles L Not only
for fealty, but as a scientist and inventor, the name of the Marquess is
yet remembered. There is still in existence evidence of his acquaint-
ance with mechanics and steaai power in a literary work of his entitled
" A century of the names and scantlings of such inventions as at
present I can call to mind to have tried and perfected, which (my
former notes being lost) I liave at the instance of a powerful friend,
endeavoured now, in the year 1655, to set these down, in such a way
as may sufficiently instruct me to put them into practice." This book
was first printed in 1663, and in its pages the power and application of
the steam-engine are distinctly described.
In addition to being a popular member of the Four-in-hand and
Coaching Clubs, Sir Alfred Somerset is also a member of the Army and
Navy Club.
LADY SOMERSET
And her Favorite Cat, " Scudamore," February, 1906.
naelaide Cadp Somerset.
h-<
|NE of the best known and most highly honoured of the Ladies
in the Enfteld Division of the County is Adelaide Lady
Somerset, the wife of Colonel Sir Alfred Somerset, K.C.B.,
and daughter of the late Admiral Sir George Brooke-
Pechull, Bart., oC Castle Goring, Sussex.
Lady Somerset, who is a god-daughter of the late Queen
Adelaide, delights in good works. Many of her most successful
efforts have been made as President of the Soldiers' and Sailors'
Families Association, with the management of which she has been
connected since it was founded in 1885. The ardour with which she
espouses any object having her full approval was clearly shown in her
ceaseless eftbrts for the benefit of this association during the late
South African War. Her Ladyship still continues to hold the post
of President for the Enfield Division.
Since the close of the War, Lady Somerset has been chiefly
concerned in organising and promoting the League of Mercy, of which
she is President for the Enfield District. Her great efforts to secure
its support won for her the personal thanks of H.R.H. the Prince of
Wales.
For many ycai's Lady Somerset was President of the Middlesex
Needlework Guild, of which she is still a Vice-President.
Until recently Lady Somerset was active as a political worker,
being Dame President of the Primrose League, but the multiplicity of
other work necessitated her retirement from this office.
As her father's heiress, Lady Somerset succeeded to large
estates in Sussex, the management of which she personally supervises.
In that County she is also Patron of two clerical Livings.
Sir ecorgc CDristopber Crout Bartlep.
K.C.B., 3.P.
[ORN ill 1842 in the parish of Stoko Newiiigton, Sir George
Bartley, ex-M.P. for North Islington, delights to make it
known that he i.s " a Cockney." He received his early
education at a private seminary and afterwards went to
University College School. Entering the public service he catue
under Sir John Donnelly at the Science and Art Depaitment at
South Kensington. There, during a period of twenty years, he rose
stejj by step until he occupied a high position in the department.
He took a great and growing interest in all educational matters
and the conditions of life among the poor, liis idea being by the dis-
semination of education both to fit the young people for industrial
callings and to encourage thrift and independence as the only true pre-
ventives of poverty. To this end he wrote a number of books for
which he gleaned his data at first hand by leaving his house in the
West End to live for a time among each section of the people he
desired to study.
"A Square Mile in the East End," published in 1870, was a
faithful reflex of the condition of the people of Bethnal Green and
district, educationally and socially. It was at this time that Mr. W. E.
Forster was launching his Elementary Education Act and he welcomed
the assistance of Mr. Bartley — as he then was — publicly acknowledLring
the value of that aid in the House of Commons.
In 1871, Mr. Bartley published " Schools for the People," this
being practically a history and a critical review of every kind of
school for ])rimary instruction then in existence. Mr. Bartley was
o])posed to the principle of free education, holdinj; then, as now, tena-
ciously to the belief that every parent should at least pay some-
thing for the education of his children. He advocated a generous
extension of a national .system which should give greater fecihties
to the clever children of poor parents by scholarships and otherwise.
His ideas on the prevailing improvidence of the people were
crystalizing, and in ] 872 he published a volume of " Provident Know-
ledge Papers," which was followed in 1874 by '' The Seven Ages of a
Village Pauper," and "The Parish Net, How it is Dragged, and what
it Catches," in 1875. These two last named books enjoyed a con-
siderable run and, among other effects, had the result of bringing
the author into direct and personal communication with Lord
Shaftesbury.
As Assistant Director of the Science Division of the Science
and Art Department, Sir George Bartley took a great interest in and
gave every possible aid to Technical Education and more particularly to
that form of Technical Education in which science is applied to com-
mercial and industrial pursuits. For some years he was treasurer
of the Society of Arts.
Giving a practical turn to his ideas on Thrift, Mr. Bartley some
thirty-five years ago started a Penny Bank — the forerunner of the
National Penny Bank with which his name will be for ever associated
— in a small house in the Edgware Koad. Here deposits of coins
ranging from a penny to sixpence were taken. Lord Shaftesbury
praised the scheme, but said that the life of the institution nuist
depend upon Mr. l^artley's. The National Penny Bank is, however,
destined to survive its Founder, for the growth and success of the move-
ment has been phenomenal To-day the Penny Bank has central
offices in Victoria Street, Westmin.ster, and 13 branches in different
parts of London. Since its formation it has taken about twenty
millions sterling in amounts varying from one penny to one hundred
pounds. Its depositors number two hundred thousand and last year,
just prior to the Christmas festivities, about a ton of gold and five tons
of silver coins were counted out for distribution in the board room ot
St. Margaret's House. The Bank is Sir George Bartley 's pet child
and, when erecting the central offices in Victoria Street, he took
care to have them so constituted that even in his own library at St.
Margaret's House, Victoria Street, he is practically on his business
premises.
Sir George represented North Islington in Parliament for over
twenty years. His first attempt to enter the House of Commons was
made in 1880, when he stood for the old Borough of Hackney, an area
comprising some fifty thousand voters. He was unsuccessful. The
Redistribution Act followed, and in the election of 1885 he stood and
was returned for NorLii Islington. Sir George held the seat in the four
succeeding elections of 1886, 1892, 1895 and 1900, against the assaults
of Mr. Clayden, Mr. Hill, Dr. Napier and Mr.' E. C. Rawlings,
and the Liberals of the Division had come to regard their case as
hojjeless. At the General Election of 1900, however, Sir George was
numbered in the Unionist rout and he then announced his intention of
devoting himself to his business and his hobbies until a vacancy
occurs for some suitable seat to contest again.
In the quarter of a century during which he took an active part
in politics. Sir George did a not inconsiderable amount of work for
his Party both inside and outside the House of Commons, and for
the two years which led to the stirring elections of 1885 to 1886 he
was the chief agent of the Conservative Party. But honours came
lather late, for it was not until 1902 that he was made a K.C.B.
Sir George was a member of the Traffic Commission and was one
of those who visited various Continental and American cities for the
purpose of personally investigating the methods obtaining abroad tor
the regulation of vehicular traffic.
An enthusiastic diarist and an amateur photographer of more
than ordinary skill. Sir George has travelled much in both hemis-
pheres and fifty large and interesting volumes on his library book-
shelves contain records and impressions by pen and by camera of
places he has visited with his wife and daughter. He was in South
Africa when the war with the Boers broke out, and he formed a
very decided opinion as to what were the intentions of the two
Republics had they been able to secure control of Cape Colony.
Sir George married the daughter of Sir Henry Cole- — who
established the South K^ensington Science and Art Department — and
has a family of four sons and one daughter. His eldest son is a
clergyman, and the second son a barrister, while the two younger
both saw service in South Africa, one being an engineer in the Railway
Pioneer Regiment and the other in the Royal Horse Artillery.
Colonel Sir l^oward Vincent, in.p.,
K.C.m.6., C.B., DX., 3.P.
INE of the most honoured of the Middlesex Justices of the
Peace is Colonel Sir Howard Vincent. In the midst of the
exciting political events which marked the General Election
of January, 1906, amongst the constituencies most keenly-
watched was that of Central Sheffield, for which, since 1885, Sir
Howard had sat in the House of Commons. More fortunate than
many of his colleagues in former Parliaments, he retained his seat and
had the satisfaction of once again being sent to St. Stephen's as the
result of a substantial majority. This was the more remarkable as
Colonel Sir Howard Vincent is ore of the most ardent advocates for a
revised Tariff ; indeed, he is, and has been throughout the whole of
his political career, an out and out Protectionist.
Colonel Sir Charles Edward Howard Vincent was born at
Slinfold, Sussex, May 3lst, 1849, being the second surviving son of the
late Rev. Sir Frederick Vincent, 11th Bart., by Maria Copley,
daughter of the late Harries Young, Esq., of Auchenskrug, co,
Dumfries. He married in 1882, Ethel Gwendoline, daughter of the
late George Moffatt, Esq., of Goodrich Court, Herefordshire, by whom
he has one daughter.
Having been educated at Westminster School and the Royal
Military College, Sandhurst, Sir Howard Vincent in 1868 joined the
Royal Welsh Fusiliers, and after becoming favourably known for his
reports and lectures upon foreign armies and his knowledge of Russian
and other languages, retired as Lieutenant in 1873, -when he was
appointed Captain in the Royal Berks Militia, which commission he
i-esigned for the Lieut. -Colonelcy of the Central London Rangers.
This post he held from 1875-78, in which latter year he was appointed
Director of Criminal Investigations to completely re-organise the
Detective Establishment and with absolute control over the criminal
administration of the Metropolitan Police. He had previously, in
1876, been called to the Bar at the Inner Temple, and practised for
two years on the South-Eastern Circuit, as well as in the Probate,
Divorce and Admiralty Division of the High Court of Justice. In
1877 he entered the Paris Faculte de Droit. Sir How'ard resigned
his appointment in the Metropolitan Police in 1884, receiving the
thanks of the Home Secretary and of many other officials, British and
foreign. He was then appointed Colonel Commandant ot the Queen's
Westminster Volunteers, which he held until 1904, and of which
reafiment he is now Hon. Colonel.
-O'
It was in 1885 that Sir Howard was first returned as the
Conservative and Industrial Member for Central Sheffield, and his
constituents have shown their appreciation of all he has done for them
and the country while in Parliament by stedfastly returning him at
each subsequent General Election. A Protectionist and an ardent
Imperialist, Colonel Sir Howard Vincent is a constant advocate of the
necessity for cementing as much as possible the ties between the
Mother country and her sons and daughters over the seas. As a
pubhc speaker he is candid and clear, seldom dull and certainly never
inflated. It is his characteristic to be weighty in argument rather
than voluble in style. Wisely sacrificing all flii^pant oratory of that
order which searches for a passing cheer by a shallow or sarcastic
examination of the opponents' cause, he gives himself completely over
to a dignified utterance of principles which he believes to be those of
a sound political creed. He does not try to make capital by the
frequently adopted, though not too scrupulous modus operandi of
merely sneering at the course pursued by antagonistic politicians. He
has not sat in Parliament for over twenty years without appreciating
the imprudence and weakness of such a mode of procedure. Not
merely in the House, but also on public platforms in various parts of
the country Sir Howard has explained and elucidated the political
creed which he holds so staunchly and which he believes capable of
affording relief from much of the distress at present experienced in
England,
In Metropolitan government Sir Howard has taken an active
share at different times. ' He was formerly a member of the Vestry of
St. George's, Hanover Square, and one of its representives on the
Metropolian Board of Works on which he .sat from 1880-96 as the
member for the West End, St. George's, Hanover Square Division.
From 1889-90 he was Chairman of the ^Metropolitan Fire Brigade
Committee. Nor does this sum up the total of Sir Howard's public
work. In 1891 he founded the United Empire Trade League and has
from the start been its Hon. Secretary. in the same year he toured
Canada and addressed a great number of public meetings in the
Dominion concerning the objects of the League, being so well received
that he gained sufficient adherents to the cause to show tliat there was
widespread acquiescence with many of his views. Sir Howard is
President of the Workman's Association for the Defence of British
Industry.
Since 1885 he has been on the Council of the National Union
of Conservative Associations, and was in 1893 elected Vice-Chairman,
being chosen Chairman in 1895. He is also President of the North
of England Conservative Agents' Association. Since 1896 he has
filled tiie important post of Chairman of the Publication Committee of
the Conservative Party. In_l901 he was Vice-Chairman of the
Primrose League Grand Council.
In 1878 Sir Howard Vincent obtained the appointment of a
War Office Committee to inquire into the requirements of the
Volunteer Force. This resulted in many reforms and his subsequent
Parliamentary action iu March, 1880 (by which the then Government
was nearly defeated) led to the apjwintment of another Committee the
effect of whose deliberations was seen in the increase of the Volunteer
Capitation Grant. Again in 1891 Sir Howard obtained a Select
Committee to inquire into the need for Rifle Ranges, as a result of
which there have been passed legislative measures long needed in the
interests of National Defence. In 1887 he carried the Probation of
First Offenders Hill, on the Massachusetts model, through Parliament,
the value of which received early proof in the fact that in the United
Kingdom upwards of 4,000 persons were saved from imprisonment
under the Act in 1888, 1889, and 1890, and only seven per cent, of
this number lapsed again into crime.
Sir Howard Vincent went to Rome in 1898 as the British
Delegate of the Anti-Anarchist Conference. In 1 901 he was Chairman
of the Committee of the Royal Irish Constabulary and Dublin
Metropolitan Police.
When the South African War broke out, Sir Howard Vincent
took an active part in the formation of C.I.V. and Volunteer
contingents for the field. He was iu South Africa from 1899 to 1902
and has received the War Medal.
As a writer Sir Howard Vincent has a large circle of critical
and keenly interested readers. Amongst his chief publications are
" Reports on the Prussian Array," 1871 ; " Russia's Advance
Eastward," 1872; " MiUtary Geography, Reconnoitring and Sketch-
ing," 1873; "Law of Criticism and Libel," 1877; "Law of
Extradition," 1880; "Police Code and Manual of Criminal Law,"
1882 ; " Reports on British Commercial Interests in Canada, Japan,
China, etc., and on various Foreign Armies," and " The Howard
Vincent Map of British Empire" which reached its thirteenth edition
in 1905.
The Order of Commander of the Bath was bestowed upon Sir
Howard Vincent in 1885, he being made a Knight Commander of the
Order of St. Michael and St. George three years later. He is also a
Knight ot the German Crown and of the Crown of Italy. Sir Howard
enjoys too the honour of being A.D.C. to the King. He is senior
Dejjuty Lieutenant of London.
Sir Howard resides at 1, Grosvenor Square, London, W.,
and is a Member of the Marlborough, Carlton, Naval and jNIilitary
and Royal Societies Clubs.
Sir Braarora Ccslic, K.C.I.e., 3.P.
fURING the various ages through which the world has passed,
the science of engineering has at all times proved one
which has created vast even if silent revolutions, and one
which has left memorials of its triumphs in all lands. The
pyramids oi' Egypt, the ancient Temples of Mexico, the Coliseum of
Kome, and, to glance at modern structures, such achievements as the
Eiffel Tower, the Assouan dam and the many gigantic bridges whereby
man has been able to link up vast territories and secure the march of
civilization, all show to a wondering world the tremendous enterprises
which may be attempted and successfully carried out.
Civil engineering as a profession may be reckoned to have been
first follu^\ed in England about 1770, when the imi^rovements made by
Watt upon Stephenson's application of steam to locomotion caused a
demand for skilled services of this class. Previous to that time the
only people who united the various members of this craft under
organised bodies were the great masters of hydraulic engineering, the
Dutch.
The fact that India is the supreme jewel in England's Crown is
due to the gallant soldiers who have first made ready the pathways,
and, after them, to the valiant engineers whose work has assisted the
maintenance of peace and commercial prosperity.
Foremost amongst the English Enghieers who have been the
means of bringing about great triumphs in India is Sir Bradford
Leshe, who was the original designer and builder of several large
bridges in Bengal, including the Jubilee Bridge which spans the river
Hooghly, and the Howrah Bridge over the same river in Calcutta.
Sir Bradford, who was born in 1831, is the son of the late
Charles Leslie, R.A. He married in 1885, Mary Jane Eliza, daughter
of the late W. Honey, Esq., but is now a widower, his wife having died
in 1886.
Sir Bradford was created a Knight Commander of the Indian
Empire in 1887. He is a Fellow of Calcutta University, a Member
of the Institute of Civil Engineers and a Justice of the Peace for
Middlesex.
8, Sussex Place, Regent's Park, W., is Sir Bradford's
residence.
Sir eawara George Clarke, KX.
lORN on February 15th, 18 41, at 15, King William Street, E.C.,
Sir Edward Clarke is the eldest son of the late Mr. Job Uuy
Clarke, jeweller, of 38, Moorgate Street, E.G., and his wife,
Frances, daughter of the late Mr. Henry George, of Bath.
Hp becran his education at College House, Edmonton, subsequently
ffoino- to the City Commercial School in Lombard Street. Leaving
school in 1854 he continued his studies at the evenmg classes at Crosby
Hall and Kin^r's College (of which he is now a Fellow) becoming in
1856 Prizeman in English Literature at the first examination of the
Society of Arts.
In 1859 Sir Edward obtained a writership in the India Office by
open competition. He, however, retired therefrom in the following
year to enter as a student at Lincoln's Inn. He gained the open law
Tancred law studentship in 1861 and after reading law in the chambers
of the late Mr. T. R. Bennett, was called to the Bar at Lincoln s inn
in 1864. He took silk in 1880 and two years later was made a Bencher
of his Inn.
In addition to practising in the Common Law Courts and at the
Surrey Sessions, Sir Edward during the early part of his career as a
barrister did a good deal of journalistic work as a reporter in the House
of Commons and on the literarj- staff of Tlie Morning Herald and The
Standard.
He had not been many years at the Bar before he acquired a
reputation as a sound lawyer and an able advocate, especially with
commercial cases. He came most directly in front of the public in
1877 in connection with the trial of the Stauntons for the Penge
murder, appearing for the defendant, Patrick Staunton, and in the
detective case, in which he defended Mr. George Clark. In 1886 he
successfully defended Mrs. Bartlett in the Pimlico poisoning case, his
professional reputation being still further enhanced by his connection
with the baccarat case in 1891 and the Jameson case in 1896.
Sir Edward entered Parliament in February, 1880, being then
returned as the member for Southwark. At the General Election in
April of the same year he was returned for Plymouth, which seat he
held until 1900. From 1886-1892 he was Solicitor-General. His
political associations afterwards with Brighton were most cordial, and
represent an interesting period in his life. Again, at the General
Election of 1906, he re-entered Parliament as one of the Members for
the City of London, scoring one of the few phenomenal Unionist
successes ; but a few months later, owing to the state of his health,
and under the strict medical injunction to travel abroad. Sir Edward
re.signed, much to the regret of a wide circle of enthusiastic political
supporters. Everyone rejoices that the several months of rest and
change abroad have recuperated Sir Edward, enabling him to return to
his legal work with renewed health and strength.
In 1866 Sir Edward married Annie, the daughter of Mr.
George Mitchell. His first wife dying in 1881, he married in 1882
Kathleen Matilda, the daughter of Mr. A. W. Bryant.
Amongst Sir Edward's publications have been a Treatise on the
Law of Extradition, as well as various series of his Public Speeches.
As the owner of the charming river-side residence of Thorncote,
Staines, Sir Edward is able to indulge in his favourite recreation of
boating. This part of Middlesex has benefited considerably by reason
of his association with it. One of the most striking evidences of his
benevolence exists in the church of St. Peter, Laleham Road, which he
erected at a cost of £10,000.
Sir Edward's clubs are the Carlton, St. Stephen's, Garrick, and
the City Carlton,
Sir Ricbara nicholson. F.SJ.
h-i
[HE holder of an important and extremely responsible position
in the County, Sir Richard Nicholson, the Clerk of the
Peace for Middlesex, enjoys an active life in which the
spice of variety has been by no means lacking. Born in
Hertfordshire in 1828, Sir Richard is the fifth son of George
Nicholson, Esq., of Hertford, and his wife, Anne, daughter of John
Searancke, Esq., of St. Albans.
Having been educated at Mount Radford School, Exeter, Sir
Richard determined upon trying a Colonial life. In 1843 he joined
the Surveying Staff of the New Zealand Co., and assisted in laying
out the town of Wanganui. Later, he also surveyed the town of
Dunedin and laid out its country sections.
Admitted a solicitor in 1851, Sir Richard's natural abilities
soon enabled him to build up for himself a reputation as an able
member of his profession. Sir Richard has always worked hard.
He has an enthusiasm for it, and has personally proved the truth
of the assertion that let a man but honour his vocation, and the
vocation will soon honour the man. In 1869 he was appointed Clerk
of the Peace for Middlesex, and the same year had the satisfaction
of bringing to a triumphant issue the claim of the late Earl of
Shrewsbury and Talbot to the Earldom of Shrewsbury and the
estates annexed to the title. Another important office which Sir
Richard has had the pleasure of filling is that of Clerk of the Peace
for London, to Avhich he was appointed in 1888.
As Chairman of the Law Fire Insurance Co., and p. Director
of the Law Life Assurance Co., he is well known in the best com-
mercial cii'cles.
Althouah of late years Sir Richard has not taken a very
prominent part in politics, he is a staunch Conservative, and in
1876 contested the Hastings seat in the interests of his Party.
Sir Richard has been twice married ; his present wife, whom
he married in 1882 being Catherine Leicester, eldest daughter of
the Rev. Canon Atkinson, Vicar of Danby.
When enjoying his somewhat infrequent periods of leisure,
Sir Richard proves himself an ardent sportsman, thoroughly appre-
ciating the open air life he can live when recruiting at Eden, lianfF.
His town residence is 19, Cleveland Gardens, Hyde Park, W. His
clubs the Conservative and St. Stephen's.
SIR HUGH GILZEAN-REID, LL.D., J. P., D.L.
Sir Pufll) 6ilzcari=Rda, CC.D., J.p., D.C.
MIDDLESEX Justice of the Peace who has made his mark
upon more than one section of modern life is Sir Hugh
Gilzean-Reid. He is essentially a self-made man who
follows Emerson's advice — "Grudge no office thou canst
render." So admirably has he acted up to this maxim throughout his
career that he has always been ready to exert his efi'orts f(n' the good
of the general community, without distinction of ]3arty or creed.
Whenever he has embarked upon any project having for its objective
the amelioration of the lot of any class or section of the public, he has
first evinced remarkable aptitude in making himself conversant with
the conditions, needs, capabilities and resources of those whom he
desires to assist. But, above all, he is a firm believer in the virtues
of self-help. Concentration of pur])ose combined with a personal
magnetism such as is the possession of few, has enabled him many a
time to inspire those whom he seeks to aid with that magic spark of
ambition which has fired them into making the requisite eftbrts on
their own behalf On one occasion when presiding over a conference
in Rome at which nearly twenty different languages had been spoken,
someone expressed surprise at his being able to impress people wlio did
not understand his wortis ; there came the emphatic response — " It is
the contagion of enthusiasm."
Sir Hugh cherishes the sentiment of his Scottish parentage
and especially of the fact that his mother, who was the only daughter
of James Gilzean — a land steward — took an active part in the Church
Disruption of 1843, that heroic protest, the outcome of which was that
the Free Church of Scotland carried with her out of the Establishment
her Confes.-ion of Faith and Catechism, her form of Church Government
and her Ritual of Worship, preferring to abandon the endowments of
the State rather than deviate in any way from the recognition of the
one Headship or from the position of independence held by her
members to be aright as the true National Church of the Reformation.
In records of the " Ten Years' Conflict" she was designate the
" inspired peasant."
Our subject was born at Cruden, Aberdeenshire, on the llth
August, 1838 — or as some accounts have it, 1839, and through his
mother's family, tradition says, he was descended from a distant branch
of the Boyd family, one of whom, the gallant and learned James Lord
Boyd, became Earl of ErroU, 1758. He began his education at the
Episcopalian and Free Church Schools in the parish, subsequently
attending University classes at Aberdeen and Edinburgh.
Beginning life at Aberdeen in an art-publishing office with Sir
George Reid, late President of the Royal Scottish Academy, he
subsequently chose journalism as a profession. In 1857 he conducted
a paper in Peterhead, the capital of his native Buchan. and three
years later became editor of a popular " Weekly " and tri- weekly in
Edinburgh, and a few years later led in establishing daily and weekly
newspapers in Aberdeenshire, Yorkshire, Lancashire, the Midlands and
in London. He was the originator of the North-Eastern Daily
Gazette (Middlesbrough-on-Tees) — which is the first existing complete
halfpenny evening \rA\)ev in the Kingdom — thus [)ioneering a vast
modern industry.
A veteran knight of the pen and the printing press, hi^
autobiographical reminiscences and recollections are necessarily largely
of newspapers and men of letters, and he can peculiarly appreciate
Thackeray's tribute in " Pendennis " to the newspaper as " the great
engine that never sleeps."
In his earlier days he was thoroughly fluniliar with the strain
and stress, the responsibilities and the difficulties connected with the
proprietorship and production of a new journal. He was activel}^
concerned in this work at an especially interesting time, for during no
period of our own history have science and invention made greater
strides, particularly in connexion with the Press, than during the last
half centur}-. In that time the art of printing, so far as it concerns a
newspaper, has been revolutionised, and the telegraph, telephone,
electricity, stereotyping, and the i-otary machine have made it possible
to produce in a lew h'.urs that which would have occupied almost as
many days less than fifty years ago. Like a mighty well-conditioned
army, the steady advance of the Press has been unchecked, the records
ever showing
" That where the vanguard camps to-day
The rear shall rest to-morrow."
Sir Hugh has founded numerous important newspapers. At
one time he was associated with Andrew Carnegie and others in a
small syndicate which owned nearly twenty daily and weekly papers in
different parts uf the country. He was, therefore, entitled to speak
with some authority on journalism, and can tell you that the newspaper
worthy of the name is the expression of something more than a mere
collection of individuals ; that though it may be the production of a
large number of persons, it is the mouthpiece of a still larger number.
Like Thomas Carlyle he can describe how the Editorial entity "flits
among the leaves of society, going from club to club and from coterie to
coterie, listening to the surmises of one and the opinions of the other,
now chatting with the pessimist, and now conversing with the optimist
and then he goes into the recesses of his sanctum, and combines all
these various threads of thouo^ht and items of intelligence into one
coherent article, in which the reading public finds its mind reflected
and its tastes respected." He has told how he started in early years
one small weekly paper with a press that worked by four men and two
boys, with girls for folding, produced some 450 copies per hour, and
how he introduced within a few years the most modern web-printing
presses which were producing the same paper daily at the rate of 50,000
copies per hour, cutting them up and folding in one endless process,
A firm believer in the value of co-operation, one of his earliest
endeavours on attaining leisure was to establish a freemasonry amongst
the wielders of the pen, and the result of his efforts was seen in the
Institute of Journalists, which was incorporated by Royal Charter in
1890 and of which he was the chief Founder and the first President,
remaining a Fellow. It was for this and other services to the country
that his first notable distinction was given him by Queen Victoria in
1893. It is well known that he had previously declined, on various
grounds, so-called "higher" honours which had been proffered. His
occupancy of public office has been varied and extensive. He was
president of the Society of Newspaper Proprietors and Managers
(1898-99) and was in 1904 chosen President of the World's Press Parlia-
ment, U.S.A., at the inauguration of which, in St. Louis, there was a
gathering of over 4,000 delegates, representing 37 different countries,
and the opening address was delivered by the late State Secretary, the
Hon. John Itay. He was also an energetic promoter of the International
Pi'ess Congress, founded in Belgium in 1894, which has held its annual
gatherings in the chief cities of Europe, representing over 16,000
organised Journalists. He has often said that the only cause for which
he can claim any special credit is his work in promoting the organization
of Journalists into a distinctive profession, having devoted years of his
life to the work in the United Kingdom, on the Continent, and in the
United States of America, and that through the enlightened co-opera-
tion of leading journalists the world over, great and enduring results
have been accomplished. The Institute of Journalists, which includes
the whole of the British Empire, the International Press Congress, and
the World's Press Parliament of America owed much to his initiative
and inspiring leadership.
Sir Hugh's opinion upon the recent great developments made
in the newspaper world is instructive, and to show this we quote a few
lines from an article on " The Press " which he contributed in 1896 to
a collection of papers on "The Civilization of our Day," In this he
says —
"Well within twenty five years the small sheet of four pages was
uncomplaininnjy accepted by readers as adequate ; and a circulation of twenty
thousand per day or per week would have been considered large. The same
newspapers now consist of six, eight, twelve or sixteen, or in eases of weeklies of
twentyfour or thirty pages including forty to eighty columns of reading matter
acd advertisements ; with a circulation of tens or hundreds of thousands, many
of them reaching fifty to sixty thousand a day, and some even two hundred and
fifty thousand to half a million ; whilst some of the leading weeklies issue five
hundred thousand or a million copies per issue. Proprietors who regarded an
iiicomc of hundreds or thousands a-year as yielding a sufficient return on the
capital invested now count their revenue by tens of thousands."
In the same essay it is clearly shown that he thoroughly appreciates
the great cost at which this growth and also the freedom of the Press
have been achieved, for he remarks " The Press as well as the Pulpit
has its record of martyrs."
A worker of great determination. Sir Hugh readily grasps the
most intricate problems. He has a keen insight, is a good tactician
and has many times proved himself the right man in the right place.
One of the achievements of his life was the founding, along with a
stalwart workman, James Colville, and a few others, in Edinburgh, in
1861, of a Co-operative house-building scheme, as a result of which
GLIMPSE OF DOLLIS HILL.
thousands of the working men of Edinburgh have long been their own
landlords. The movement which produced this very desirable result,
arose out of a stiike in the Edinburgh building trades which was the
first struggle for reducing the hours of labnur to nine per day. After
three nuniths the masters gave in and agreed to the altered conditions.
Mr. Gilzeaii-Ecid (as he then was) disinterestedly stood by the men,
being then Editor of a popular Edinburgh weekly though not long out
of his "teens;" and at the conclusion of the strike he pointed out to
the men that matters would have been uukIi better for them if the
money on which they had been living during tlie workless three months
had been made productive. After much deliberation the Co-operative
Building Society was formed. Twenty-five pounds only was at first
subscribed. But feeling certain that success would follow, the
pioneers stuck to their project, which was to carry on building
especially with a view to acconnnodating all classes of workmen who
were desirous of becoming the owners of their own homes, subscribers
being specifically bound'by the Articles of Association to promote
" the interests of the Company to the utmost of their power."
So quickly did the advantages of the scheme recommend
themsdves to the men that very soon the entire capital was subscribed,
and more money being required a practically unlimited Deposit Fund
was formed whence loans were advanced to members. Excellent
dwellings were provided in increasing numbers, profits of from eight to
ten per cent, were received back by the members— on the usual
Co-operation princip)le. all sharing alike ; and it soon became evident
that as a consequence of improved conditions the workers became
increasingly self-respecting and that their lives were uplifted by far-
reaching aims and ideals. The men gradually acquired the actual
ownership of their houses by annual payments which did not exceed
the ordinary rent of the decayed tenement hovels in which many had
previously been housed.
In a pamphlet from his own pen on this subject, the author
expresses the opinion that the success of the Edinburgh Co-operative
experiment justifies the belief that similar movements could be brought
to fruition in all the larger centres of industrial activity — as in some
cases has been already done— proving that co-operation can overcome
the difficulties which'had often defied the united wisdom and baffled
the able eff'orts of social reformers, the principle havmg been
' established that houses embracing modern requirements of health
and comfort, at once cheap and profitable as investments, can thus
be expeditiously provided for the vast wage-earning classes.
The gratitude felt for the pioneer of this movement was
manifested in an interesting manner when in 1863 he left Edinburgh,
Then the workmen of the City, under the presidency of the famous Free
Church leader, the late Rev. Dr. Begg, made him a pul)lic presentation
" in acknowledgment of his invaluable services in social, industry, and
Co-operative movements." His memory is kept alive also by " Reid
Terrace," as the first block of houses built by the Society was
designated.
&
In 188G Sir Hugh Gilzean-Reid was returned as the first
Member of Parliament for Aston Manor, Warwickshire. Possessing
very decided and piogressive views, he sustained the reputation of
being a sound and capable public man, even his opponents admitting
that he discharged his duties with a diligence, thoughtfulness and
courtesy deserving of all commendation.
From earliest youth— first in association with the American
philanthropist, Elihu Barrett — " the Learned Blacksmith," as he was
well desisfnated — Sir Huofh was a strenuous and constant advocate of
International Penny Postage. He seconded in the House of Commons
the first motion proposed by Mr. Henniker Heaton for the adoption of
this reform, towards the attainment of which considerable advance has
been made ; and when at length the first great instalment, Imperial
Penny Postage, was established in December, 1899, he received one
of the commemorative silver pennies struck at the Royal Mint.
Varied as are the interests in which our subject thus took a
foremost part, these mentioned form by no means the limit of his
achievements. He has long been actively connected with iron and
steel industries. He was President of the Association of Sanitary
Inspectors and Engineers in 1889-1901, and as a consequence of his
frequent and lengthy residences in Belgium he has taken a defined
place in the social and industrial life of that prosperous countr}^, and
given an independent and entirely voluntary support in advancing
the civilisinof and reliijious aafencies in the Congo Free State.
In 18(33, Sir Hugh married Anne, daughter of John and
Margaret Craig. Lady Gilzean-Reid (who died in 1895 as the result
of a carriage accident) was a fertile wiiter, and tnok a prominent part
in the oiganisation of women for social and political work. A
pamphlet written by her, in 1887, on " Women Workers in the Liberal
Cause," was signalised by receiving the special approval of the late
Mrs. Gladstone who wrote a preface to the booklet — the substance of
which had been contributed to the Westminster Review; the production
had a wide-spread circulation and help 3d largely to extend and
consolidate the " woman's movement." As a writer, Sir Hugh himself
has attained considerable popularity. Amongst his best known
publications is " The Story of Old Oscar," which it is estimated reached
a circulation in different countries, of nearly a milUon ; whilst in his
"Studies and Sketches of Landseer," aud his biographic " Monographis _"
of the Rev. John Skinner— tho i)re-Burns Scottish Poet, Disraeli,
President Garfield— with whom he had corresponded when both were^
peasant boys — and other eminent men, he has shown markel powers of
portraiture and analysis. Another is " 'Tween Gloamin' and the Mirk,"
a book in which he has depicted in a graphic style many of "the short
and simple annals of the poor," especially showing how high ideals and
lofty aims are nurtured in many a lowly Scottish home by means of the
heroic tales which are constantly repeated round the huml^le hearths.
For some years Sir Hugh Gilzean-Reid made his home at
Dollis Hill, Middlesex, N.W., in' the district of Willesden,_where the
novelist, Harrison Ainsworth, once resided, and where in the old
manor of Dollis Hill the noted higliwayniau, Jack Sheppard, was
harboured, and whose daring deeds the novelist made to live. When
the need and the call came, Sir Hugh readiiy resigned his interests in
the picturesquely located home, with all its historic associations, for he
saw with others that in this densely populated district the necessity
was keenly felt for an open-air space which should remain as a
permanent " lung" of Greater London By unanimous consent it was
designated " The Gladstone Park " in memory of the illustrious
statesman who had so often resided at Dollis Hill House and who
so loved the people to whose use his frequent home has been dedicated
for ever. The ceremony of throwing open to the ])ublic this beautiful
park, ornamented with its lilied pond and fair lawns, studded with
noble trees, was in May, 1901, fitly performed by the Eail of Aberdeen
who, with his gifted Countess, made Dollis Hill a residence from 1882
to 1895, having taken it over from his father-in-law, the late Lord
Tweedmouth, To whom it had been a cherished retreat for many years.
Many well-known people were present— Sir Henry Campbell-
Bannerman, afterwards Prime Minister, the Chairman of the
London County Council, Sir Ralph Littler, C.B.— and the crowd was
estimated at from fifteen to twenty thousand. The host described
himself as the " evicted tenant," and rejoiced at being able in any way
to facilitate the attainment of the most desirable object. The liouse
and grounds were added at a subsequent date to the Park.
At the invitation of the noble owners and under the specific
advice of his ]jhysician, Sir Andrew Clark, who considered the Dollis
Hill air particularly suited for the aged statesman, Mr. Gladstone,
accompanied by his wife, used to spend there frequent week ends and
often much longer j^eriods. Besides numerous memorable social and
]iolitical gatherings given by Lord and Lady Aberdeen, it was here on
Saturday, May 14th, 1887, that Mr. Gladstone gave a garden party to
the Delegates of the Colonial Conference, when Lord Granville and
Mr. Childers were present, as well as Delegates from Newfoundland,
Western Australia, the West Indies, and other Colonies. On another
Saturday he received here a deputation of Americans from New York,
who came to present a silver trophy, in the shape of a casket three feet
hiofh. in recoo^nition of Mr. Gladstone's services to the Irish cause.
Here also was splendidly celebrated Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee,
when it was said by a leading London Journal that one felt, moving about
the grounds, that he had seen every face he met in an illustrated paper.
In the garden surrounding the house Mr. Gladstone in the
summer time lived largely in the open air, enjoying his meals whilst
fanned by the healthgiving breezes, and passing much of his time
reading in a hammock. For another reason the garden is memorable,
for it was there that Mr. Gladstone and Mr. Chamberlain took their
last meal together, in 1886, at a conference when both statesmen
hoped, but hoped in vain, that some mutual understanding might be
arrived at on the subject of the Home Rule Bill.
After the operation on his eyes, Mr. Gladstone was sent to
recuperate at Dollis Hill, and he was first visited there by Lord
Rosebery, I\Ir. Arthur Balfour, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and
Mrs. Benson. Of these last two visitors a somewhat amusing little
incident is recorded. On one occasion, while staying at Dollis Hill,
Mi's. Gladstone wrote from there and invited the Archbishop and Mrs.
Benson to dine. The appointed evening arrived, dinner was ready in
the house at Carlton House Terrace, but no guest came. Impatient
at the delay, Mr. Gladstone declared — " I would do this for no man on
earth except the Archbishop of Canterbury " It was not until nine
o'clock that the guests were announced, and then it was discovered that
Mrs. Gladstone had .written her invitation on Dollis Hill House paper,
not mentioning that the dinner would be held at Carlton House
Terrace. Consequently, the Bensons had had th' ir appetites
sharpened by a drive from London to Willesden and back. In the
grounds are trees planted by Mr. Gladstone— one immediately after
the House of Commons passed the Home Rule Bill, and there also
TENTERDEN HALL,
The Residence of Sir Hugh Gilzean-Reid.
is the secluded rosery from which usually came the roses that formed
his familiar button-hole. All are to be strictly preserved for ever, and
the cost of the House and about 100 acres, v>^ith laying out was
estimated at nearly £60,000 — Gladstone's greatest and not least
beneficial memorial.
Dollis Hill House has other interesting associations, for it was
here that George Elliot used to meet her physician and friend. Sir
Andrew Clark, and here is laid the scene in " Daniel Deronda " in
which Herr Klesmer discourages Gwendoline's efforts to sing.
In 1887, when Lord Aberdeen was appointed Governor General
of Canada, the Dollis Hill estate was given up by him and taken over
by its last occupant and his famil}'^ ; they gave uji the house for three
months to Mark Twain, who was charmed with the place, and
afterwards wrote, adapting Tennyson — " Better days of Dollis
than fifty years of Cathay." Sir Hugh Gilzean-Reid, it can be said,
well maintained its social and political traditions. One year the
Aberdeens returned for a few months and held there numerous
charming "At Homes" after the manner of the Gladstone days.
In addition to the Knighthood bestowed upon him by Queen
Victoria, Sir Hugh is also an Officer of the Order of Leopold, a
distinction granted him in 1897, and two years later he was made a
Knight-Commander of the Order of the Crown. He is an Hon. LL.D.
of Aberdeen University, and also of the State University, Columbia,
U.S.A. As before indicated, chiefly on various grounds he declined
nomination for the dignity of a Privy Councillor in 18 'JO, and that of
a Baronet in 1892. He has travelled much in Europe and America,
generally with some specific public or diplomatic purpose, and he and
his family possess interesting souvenirs of "services rendered"; on
one occasion he was oftered the title of Viscount with a hio-h
ecclesiastical order. He has long been a Justice of the Peace for
Warwickshire, and in 1904 he was nominated a Magistrate for
Middlesex by the Lord Lieutenant, the Duke of Bedford. Soon after
leaving Parliament, he was nominated by the Marquis of Rij^on a
Deputy Ijieutenant for the North Riding of Yorkshire.
For more than twenty years he resided at Warley Abbey — on
the borders of Worcestershire and Warwickshire, which was in 190G
purchased by the Corporation of Birmingham, from his son-in-law, Mr.
H. L. Tangye, of Maxstoke Castle, and dedicated, as Dollis Hill had
been, to the use of the people as a Public Park ; it is a further
coincidence that his first residence in Yorkshire, with its extensive
gardens^ — Newlands Park, Middlesborough — became an important
Catholic Institution. He now resides chiefly at Tenterden Hall,
Middlesex, N.W., once the family residence, giving his title, of the
famous Lord Chancellor of 1827. Queen Elizabeth planted there a
cedar of Lebanon, and Cardinal Wolsey visited the place. Like
Warley, it formed in the days of the Monks part of a Monastery.
Married early in life, a numerous family blessed the hapjiy
union, the eldest son being Mr. Philip J. Reid, B.A., (Trinity College,
Cambridge) and the eldest daughter, Annie Gilzean, who married the
eldest son of Sir Eichard Tangye, the femous engineer, sometimes
designated the " Quaker Philanthropist."
The life which we have described has been a strenuous one,
seamed by many sorrows and darkened by many shadows; indeed, an
autobiography contributed as one of the series, " In the Days of My
Youth," to M.A.r., edited by T. P. O'Connor, M.P.. concludes with
these pathetic words: — " When one calmly reflects on all the struggles
and troubles, failures as well as triumphs, one is inclined, without
afiectation, to look on lite as a hugh failure, so much more might and
could have been accomplished, by concentrated, self-restraining, and
well-directed effort." Sir Hugh Gilzean-Reid has only had one hobby
begun in boyhood, when he was a contributor to the Art Journal,
under Mr. S. C. Hall Ever since he has been a zealous collector of
original studies and sketches, often for their great pictures, by eminent
artists, from whom many of them were directly obtained ; they have
been freely lent for exhibition and for purposes of engraving —
altogether, to the owner and others, a perpetual source of pleasure
and instruction. It ought to be added that lie has been closely
associated with men of distinction in all walks and in most countries,
and has often declared that, having created an extensive network of
social, literary, and political interests and obligations, both at home and
abroad, exacting Parliamentary duties were found to be incombatible
with this outside activity, which few cared to pursue, and which he
always found to be alike useful and full of charm — in a word, his
special and imperious mission to mankind.
SIR JOHN GLOVER, J.P.
Sir 3oMi eiODer, 3?*
[,IR John Glover, J.P., of Highgate Lodge, West Hill.Highgate,
is the fourth son of the late Alderman Glover, J. P., of South
Shields, in which northern town he was born on September
6th, 1829. His education was received at the private
school of Mr. William Wilson, and was of the ordinary type in those
ante-Board School days. Upon entering the commercial arena he
made sundry experiments in finding a calling to his mind, including a
clerkship in the office of an iron merchant, and a period in the office of a
solicitor. He came to London so far back as 1847, almost casually, as
so many of the early steps of successful men appear to be taken. It
happened that one day a ship-broker of the firm with whom his
father did business in London was calling on Mr. Glover, sen., and was
introduced to his son. The result was an appointment in the London
office of this firm.
A few years' service in the City so developed the young man's
talent that he was able to begin business on his own account as a
ship-broker in partnership with the late Mr. Robert R. Glover, of
Allendale, Green Lanes, N., under the style of Glover Bros. They
were joined in the early sixties by Mr. Septimus Jonathan Glovei', of
Aberdeen Park, Highbury, but Sir John still continues an active, as
he is the senior, member of the farm. In addition he is Chairman of
the Mercantile Steamship Company, and Chairman of Lloyds Registry
of British and Foreign Shipping.
In 1880 Sir John Glover was elected Chairman of the Chamber
of Shipping, and to him fell the task of making the reply of the
Shipowners to the legislation prompted by Mr. PlimsoU's well meant
agitation for measures for increasing the safety of life at sea. Mr.
Chamberlain was then at the Board of Trade and Mr. Glover was able
to point out on what particular points legislation was needed and how
in other cases it was to be deprecated lest it should injure the great
national industry which was already suft'ering much in competition with
foreign vessels entering our ports and which were not under the same
restrictions as our own vessels.
In 1883 Mr, Glover came much into prominence by reason
of his criticism of the proposed arrangement between the British
Government and M. de Lesseps for the construction of a second Suez
Canal. On his initiative, at an important meeting at Lloyds, a
resolution was passed and dispatched post haste to the Government
asking that "the shameful contract" made by Mr. Childers should on no
account be (confirmed. The result was that the contract was withdrawn
and in direct negotiation between M. de Lesseps and the shipowners,
another contract was made, providing for large reductions in the dues,
and an increase in the representation of Great Britain on the Council
of Administration of from three to ten Directors.
Sir John has never been in Parliament, although in 1885 he was
a candidate for the representation of Scarborough in the Liberal
interest. He well nigh succeeded, but he declined to accept the
conditions imposed by Mr. Parnell, and preferred to be defeated. He
has not sought election since, but has never ceased to take a keen
interest and prominent part in politics. The Home Rule measures of
Mr. Gladstone estranged him from the old Party and he went over to
the Unionists, for whom he did much work. In the City he was
Chairman of the Liberal Unionist Association.
Sir John's absorbing interest in the Shipping industry has been
the chief factor of his City life and still continues so to be. It is well
sustained and recognised by his position as Chairman of Lloyds
Registry, in effecting the late improvements in which, and the present
system of classification of vessels he has borne a leading part. His
colleagues on the Conmiittee of the Registry have further shown
their appreciation of his work by having his jjortrait painted for their
Committee room by Sir Geoi-ge Reid.
Any notice of Sir John Glover's work would be incomplete did it
Uot contain a reference to his papers to the Statistical Society, showing
the growth of British Shipping Tonnage during five successive periods
of ten years each.
For several years after the death of the late Mr. Bodkin, Sir
John Glover, who is on the Commission of the Peace for London and
Middlesex, was Chairman of the Highgate Bench. In 1900 he was
knighted by her late Majesty, Queen Victoria.
Sir John married in 1854 Louisa, daughter of Richard Moser,
Esq., of Penge, and in 1904 Sir John and Lady Glover celebrated their
golden wedding in the midst of a large number of relatives and a still
larger number of friends.
In religion Sir John is a Fi'ee Churchman and when living in
Highbury he was a Deacon of Union Chapel during the ministry of the
Rev. Dr. Allon.
Sir John's clubs are the City Liberal and the Reform.'
SIR RALPH LITTLER, C.B., K.C.
Sir Ralph D. m. Eiltkr, C.B., D.C, J.p.
^H
[ROBABLY, one of the best known men in all Middlesex is
Sir Ralph Daniel Makinson Littler, and probably, too, he
is the best hated ; for it is next to impossible for anyone to
sit as Chairman of the Middlesex Quarter Sessions year
after year sending numbers of persons to durance vile for varyino-
periods, without incurring the deep-rooted enmity of an ever-widenino-
circle among the criminal classes. Sir Ralph has earned the reputation
of being a stern judge, and it is to be noted that, notwithstandino- the
much modified views held by other Jurists regarding our methods of
dealing with habitual criminals, Sir Ralph stands most stedfasily to
his old convictions as to the absolute necessity for long sentences.
Sir Ralph is the son of the late Rev. Robert Littler and was
born on Oct. 2ud, 1835. He was educated at University College
School and University College, London, of which he is a Common Law
Prizeman. He was called to the Bar, Inner Temple, in 1857 ; became
a Barrister of the Middle Temple in 1870 ; he took silk in 1873 ; was
made a Bencher in 1882 and Treasurer in 1901. He formerly went
the Northern and North Eastern Circuits, but lately he has been
obliged to limit his work almost entirely to the Parliamentary Bar
where he has a very large practice. In the course of a busy life he
has found time to write several legal treaties.
But it is not only as a capable and successful lawyer that Sir
Ralph is known. At least the half of his time has for many years past
been devoted to local and county government. He now resides at 89
Oakwood Court, W., but formerly he lived near Bowes Park in order to
keep in touch with the local aftairs of Wood Green, the administration
of which as Chairman of the District Council he guided and controlled
for several years.
Sir Ralph Littler was the first to come forward with a project to
prevent the Alexandra Park felling into the hands of the builders. It
was mainly due to his strenuous advocacy tliat the Middlesex County
Council voted so large a sum towards the purchase money. It was in
recognition of this work that Sir Ralph was made Chairman of the
Trust which now governs the Palace.
Sir Ralph Littler has also rendered immense service in the
capacity of Chairman of the Middlesex County Council. He has given
unremitting attention to the j^urification of the rivers and streams of
the County. The building of the new bridge over the Thames at Kew
at the joint expense of the Counties of Middlesex and Surrey made
great demands upon him, but much of it was, to Sir Ralph, work of a
congenial kind and on its completion he had the honour of receiving
the King and Queen, when their Majesties attended in State to open
it. In addition to filling the offices above mentioned Sir Ralph is also
Chairman of the County Licensing Committee, of the Standing Joint
Committee, and of the Justices' Parliamentary Committee ; and in
every department of the work, Sir Ralph's great administrative ability,
combined with his vast legal knowledge and experience, has proved of
the utmost value to the County of which he is so proud, the area and
rateable value of which, in recent years, he has made such heroic
efforts to preserve undiminished.
8ir Ralph was knighted in 1902 in honour of the King's
Coronation, and friends and foes alike held that honour had been well
won.
SIR WILLIAM CRUMP, J.P.
-*T*^v-'.Bpy^<:>^ig^j- :■ :-■i-^^ ^^^^f^''^ll»^-r^-^ ■ ■-- > •: j-^-^
LADY CRUMP.
Sir William John Crump, J.p.
JUSTICE of the Peace for the County of Middlesex, and
a member of the County Licensing Committee, Sir William
John Crump is the eldest son of the late William Alexander
Crump, Esq., solicitor, of 17, Leadenhall-street, E.C., and
was bom in 1850. Having been educated privately, he elected to
embrace the law and has now one of the largest maritime, mercantile
and comj^any practices in the City of London.
Sir William has always taken a great interest in politics and
since 1884 has been Chairman of the North Islington Conservative
Association and a most active supporter of Sir George Bartley.
For some time, too, ho held the treasurership of the Metropolitan
Division of the National Union of Conservative Associations, but on
the de th of Sir Robert Fowler he resigned that [)osition to become
one of the Vice-Chairmen. He has for years been a member of the
Council of the National Union, and has recently been appointed a
member of its Organization Committee in connection with the re-
organization of the Unionist Party.
For the past thirty years Sir William Crump has been an
active Freemason, and has served the office of Secretary to the Board
of Grand Stewards. He is P.M. of several Lodges, P.A.G.D.C.
(England) and P.P.G.W. (Essex) and Vice-President of the three
Masonic Charities,
When resident in Stroud Green, Sir William was a member
of the second School Board for Hornsey, and when living in Hornsey-
lane a member of the Hornsey District Council from its inception,
until April, 1901. During that time he took an active interest in
the provision of open spaces for the people of North London. He
was one of the Founders and a Director of the Crouch End Playing
Fields, which have proved such a boon to tennis players and
cricketers. He rendered valuable assistance in preserving Queen's
Wood to the public and in the acquisition of the Alexandra Palace
and Park. In this latter connection he was one of the seven
guarantors who by a large deposit raised amongst themselves secured
the option of purchase, and his influence greatly assisted in raising
the £150,000 publicly subscribed to take this fine property out of
private hands for all time.
In November, 1900, Sir William Crump (although not a
member of the Borough Council) was elected the first Mayor of
Islington and was re-elected for a second year of office in 1901.
During that period he did much to raise the standard of loc d
government in Islington and worked veiy hard to adapt the
machinery of the old Vestry to the new order of things resultant
from the London Government Act of 1899, under which Islington
became a Metropolitan Borough with additional powers and duties.
For these two years he was Vice-Chair man of the Association of
Metropolitan Mayors and ex-Mayors, a body which rendered good
service in securing unanimity of policy in many things municipal,
L^pon ceasing to occupy this office he was presented with a handsome
testimonial by his colleagues. He was a member of the Mansion
House Sub-Committee in connection with the King's Dinners to
the Poor. At the time of the Coronation Festivities he was the
gentleman selected to present the Address to the King and Queen on
behalf of the Boroughs North of the Thames and he received the
Coronation Medal. He was knighted in 1902.
Sir William is a great stickler for forms and ceremonies, and
makes an excellent Chairman. lie takes a keen interest in housing
questions, and soon after he was elected Mayor of Islington he called
a Conference of the Metropolitan Boroughs for the purpose of
arriving at some definite line of policy with regard to the adminis-
tration of the Housing of the Working Classes Act by the London
County Council. He has opposed the action of that body in covering
large areas in the outlying districts with workmen's dwellings, holding
that the people to be catered for under the Act are in the main those of
GLENTHORNE, HARROW WEALD.
THE CEDAR TREE, GLENTHORNE.
the casual labourino- classes who cannot aftbrd even a tram fare to get
to and from their work. He also opjjosed the establishment of
public libraries both in Hornsey and in Islington, and no public
libraries were established until he ceased to be a member of the
Councils. He is a firm believer in centralization of Municipal
services, and favours the idea of transferring all the powers, duties,
and obligatit)ns of the Poor Law and Education authorities to the
Borough Councils.
Golf is Sir William's favourite recreation. He is a member of
the Junior Carlton and City Carlton Clubs.
Glenthorne, Sir William Crum])'s residence, is situated on one
of the beauty spots of Middlesex, being about three miles from
Pklgware, one and a lialf miles from Staiimore and about two and
three-(]uarter miles from Harrow. From the front an uninterrupted
view of charming country extending to the Oxfordshire hills is
obtained, and from the back the deliglitful greenery of Hampstead
Heath is discernible. The house itself is covered with rosos and
wisteria on every side, and is set in sweet smelling pine woods in
which squirrels may l>e seen disporting themselves within twenty
yards of the house. In the early summer the rhododendrons which
fringe the woods add to the beauty of the scene with their prodigality
of colour. A feature of great interest near the entrance to the
grounds is an old brick and mortar obelisk, one side of which gives the
latitude and longtitude of the site, the height above sea-level, the
mean variation of the compass and the local mileage. On the
other side are the distances and time bearings of a number of places
as remote as Oxford, Cambridge, Salisbury, and Portsmouth.
Although domiciled in this rural paradise, Sir \Villiam Crump is
still a hard worker in the (Jity and North Islington, while his appre-
ciation of the conveniences of modern civilization may be seen from
the fact that Glenthorne is lighted throughout by electricity from an
installation on the premises, and is on the telephone .system.
1
4 .
9
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^I^^^B
•
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COMMANDER SIR HAMILTON PYM FREER-SMITH, R.N.
Commanaer Sir Hamilton Ppm ?recr=$mitl)t
lOMMANDEK Sir Hamilton Pym Freer-Smith, R.N., of
Benwell, Sunbury, Middlesex, is a gentleman with a lengthy
and enviable record covering long years spent both ashore
and afloat. He has had the unique distinction of participating
in the thanks of the Government for services rendered in warfixre, at
sea, and of receiving direct thanks for the performance of civil duties
on land.
Sir Hamilton is the third son, by his second marriage, of Adam
Freer Smith, Esq., an East India merchant, twice High Sheriff of
Calcutta— 1843 and 1847. His father married in 1827, Josephine
Hume, by whom he had issue, two sons and two daughters, viz., Adam
and David, Josephine and Eliza. The last-named was subsequently
the wife of Major-General Welby Boddara. David became a Surgeon-
Major in the Bengal Army and Professor of Military Medicine at
Netley. He saw long service in India and was repeatedly thanked
by officers commanding — including Sir Harry Tombs, K.G.B., V.C. —
for services rendered in the field in the campaign of 1857-58. Sir
Hamilton's half-sister, Eliza, was one of the few ladies who escaped
from Delhi, and her sister Josephine married Surgeon-General Balfour
of Indian Mutiny fame.
In 1840 Sir Hamilton's father married Clara Jane Denman, the
daughter of Captain Edmund Denman, R.N., by whom he had issue,
Edmund Denman (became Captain 3rd Goorka Regiment), Tarton
(became Inspector-General of the Punjaub Police), Hamilton Pym (the
subject of this sketch), Mary Egerton (married Colonel Keith E.
Jopj), R.E.), and Clara Jane Florence.
In passing, it is interesting to note that Sir Hamilton's grand-
father, Captain Denman, R.N,, was an officer of considerable note. As
a midshipman in the '' Royal Sovereign," he was present at the actions
of Lord Howe on May 28th and 29th, and the glorious 1st of June,
1794. On the same ship he took part in the retreat of the Vice-
Admiral, the Hon. William Cornwallis, of the 16th and 17th June,
1795. In June, 1809, he was appointed to the command of the
" Redpole," and in 1815 on being ordered home to be paid off. he
brought the despatches of Rear- Admiral Cockburn, announcing the
safe arrival of Bonaparte at St. Helena.
Sir Hamilton was also related through his grandfather, the Rev.
George Smith, D.D., to Robert Louis Stevenson, the famous novelist.
Educated at Edinburgh Academy, Sir Hamilton subsequently
went to the famous cadet trainingship, " Britannia ; " and as a midship-
man in H.M.S. "Mersey" was at the occupation of Vera Cruz in
December, 1861. He was again on active service two years later, when
as Sub-Lieutenant of H.M.S. "Perseus" he was at the attacks on the
batteries of Kagosenia in 1863 and Simono-seki in 1864, His ship was
in the advance squadron at the engagements, and bore the brunt of the
attack, being specially mentioned in despatches. Sir Hamilton was
Senior Lieutenant and for different periods acting Commander of
H.M.S. "Daphne" when in 1872-73 the Admiralty conveyed to the
Commanding Officer and ship's company their thanks of the efficient
manner in which the '•' Daphne " and her boats had laelped to suppress
the slave trade on the East Coast of Africa.
Retiring from the Navy with the rank of Commander, Sir
Hamilton passed the Civil Service examination and was appointed a
Factory Inspector under the Home Office in 1875. In this
capacity he was for some years in charge of the Sheffield district.
On his appointment there was some dissatisfaction expressed in
the locality at the placing of a sea captain in such an important
post. Sir Hamilton, however, went about his duties in such a
broad-minded, courteous and yet highly efficient manner, that he
not only received the hearty support of the many thousands of
LADY FREER-SMJTH.
employes in his district but also of the employers. Indeed, he was
described in an official publication as follows :—" Commander Hamilton
Smith comes near enough to the ideal Inspector of Factories to be
accepted as such."
On leaving the Sheffield District, Sir Hamilton received a
special vote of thanks from tlie cutlers of Sheffield who placed on
record their high appreciation of the services he had rendered, and
which had so much benefited the lives of the workpeople.
He was a member and secretary of the Home Office Committee
on Dangerous Trades, 1895-1905, being specially thanked for his
services by the Chairman and members of that Committee and by the
Secretary of State for the Home Department in March, 1898, and
again in July, 1900. In February, 1903, he was appointed as
Superintending Inspector attached to the Home Office for special
duties in connection with Dangerous Trades, and is the author of
various technical works, being especially thanked by Professor Thos.
Oliver, of Newcastle, for his valuable assistance in that gentleman's
standard work, " Dangerous Trades."
In November, 1905, His Majesty the King showed his high
appreciation of Sir Hamilton's service by bestowing upon him the
honour of Knighthood, and at the same time granted him the Koyal
Licence to adopt the name of Freer-Smith.
Sir Hamilton resigned his office in May, 1906, and in August ot
the same year Mr. Herbert Gladstone, the Secretary of State for Homo
Affairs, rendered him the highest honour possible for a public servant,
for, speaking in the House of Commons on August 1st, he said, " he
wished in passing, to pay a tribute to the work of Sir Hamilton P.
Freer-Smith, to whom, on his retirement, a word of public
acknowledgment was due for his great and meritorious services in
connection with the work of the Factory Department." _ The
members of the House of Commons also testified to their appreciation
of Sir Hamilton's services in no uncertain way.
Sir Hamilton, who is a landowner in Middlesex, married in
December, 1879, Constance Emily, the daughter of G. F. Bagnall, Esq.,
of Cheltenham, by whom he had issue Constance Emily Mary (1885).
His first wife dying in 1885, Sir Hamilton married Selina Kingsford,
daughter of the late George Wilson, Esq., of Tapton Hall, Sheffield,
by whom he has issue Denman Freer, born 1892, a student at
Harrow, and Florence Freer, born 1898.
A keen sportsman, Sir Hamilton's recreations are shooting, golf
and yachting. He Is the owner of the motor-yacht " Plelone."
Sir Hamilton is a member of the Army and Navy and
Motor- Yacht Clubs, and also of the Eoyal Navy Club, 1765. The
latter is a dining club, the members of which meet together on
the anniversaries of the great Naval battles.
SIR CLIFTON ROBINSON, J.P.
Assoc : Inst : C.E. Mem: Inst : E.E.
Sir Clitton Robinson, 3.p., Assoc : Inst : C-€.
mem: Inst: €♦€.
hH
fIR J. Clifton Robinson, of Keith House, Porcliester Gate,
W., and Garrick's Villa, Hampton, Middlesex, was born at
Birkenhead in 1849, but his fresh colouring, his physical
and mental alertness, and his buoyant spirits make it difficult
to realise that he has passed his half century. Indeed, it was with
something of a shock that a year or two ago one found him contributing
a page of autobiography to the "In the Days of My Youth" series in
" M.A.P." He began life early as the junior member of the staff
of the late George Francis Train, when in 1860, he boarded the
first tramcar introduced into Great Britain, and thus entered upon a
strenuous career, the full story of which would be a history of
tramways development in two continents during the last fifty years.
Mr. Train's young assistant soon gave proof of more than
average capacity, and in 1866 he accompanied his chief to America.
There, in New York and other Cities and States, he gathered
experience of practical " rail roading," which stood him in good
stead in later years. In 1871 he returned to this country, and in
Liverpool, London, Dublin, and Cork he extended his knowledge
of the business to which he had devoted himself, and was every-
where recognised as one who would make his mark. In 1875 he
became the first general manager of the Tramways Company then
formed in Bristol, and there he spent seven busy years organising
and developing the horse tramways of the city. From Bristol
he went to Edinburgh as general manager and secretary of the
Edinburgh Street Tramways Company, and while there he read before
the Royal Scottish Societ}' of Arts the (;xliaustive paper on " Cable
Traction," which led to his being called into complete the construction
and organise the operation of the Highgate Cable Tramway in 1884,
the first practical demonstration of the system in Eurojje.
Proceeding to Los Angelos, California, the young engineer
was engaged to convert to cable, and subsequently to electric traction,
as well as to extend and consolidate the numerous street railways
existing in that city, and in the course of one year he completed the
immense work of putting into operation about fifty miles of line. In
1889 the American Street Railway Association appointed him to report
on mechanical traction, and his report which was presented to the
Convention at Pittsburgh in October, 1891, did much to enhance the
international reputation of its author. He remained in America for
five years, and in Texas, California, IMexico, and Canada did much, and
learned more.
Returning to England in 1891, he was invited by his old Board
of Directors to advise them upon the electrification of the Bristol
tramways. His report was so strongly in favour of the adoption of
electric traction that the conversion of the system was immediately
proceeded Avith. Moreover, he was entrusted with the task of
carrying his proposals into effect, with the result that there was opened
in October, 1895, the first electric street tramway in Great Britain in
■whose construction and operation the newly-made regulations of the
Board of Trade had been adapted. The success of the undertaking
was immediate and complete, and resolutions were passed by the
Board to convert all the existing lines to the new method of
traction, and to extend the system in various directions — a gigantic
enterprise, which Sir Clifton, as the responsible engineer, has carried
out from its first inception to its present high state of development.
Concurrently with his great Bristol work. Sir Clifton Robinson
was engaged, on behalf of the Imperial Tramways Company, in the
re-organisation of the Dublin Southern Tramways. The system, then
in an almost moribund state, was first .successfuUy resuscitated as a
horse tramway and, after a great fight, was then entirely re-constructed
and electrically converted, with results which caused the Town Clerk
of Dublin to say years later that the name of Clifton Robinson " must
always be recognised and respected as that of a public benefactor to
the city."
LADY CLIFTON ROBINSON.
In 1897 similar work of reconstruction and electrical
conversion, only on a larger scale, was next carried out on Tees-side,
where the important Boroughs of Middlesborough, _ Thornaby, and
Stockton were linked up by a modern system of electric tramways.
While introducing electric trams into Bristol, Dublin, and the
Tees-side towns, Sir Clifton Robinson had been preparing the way for
their advent in London. In 1894 the London United Tramways
Company had been formed to acquire the derelict West Metropolitan
Horse Tramways in Hammersmith, Acton, Chiswick, Kew, and
Richmond. With Sir George White as chairman. Sir Clifton
Robinson, as managing director and engineer, literally re-created
the system, and within a couple of years these tramways were quoted
as the best constructed, best equipped, and best managed system of
horse tramways in the kingdom.
The way had thus been paved for the first steps towards the
ultimate goal of electrification and extension. The prejudice against
tramways had, to a considerable extent, been dissipated, the local
authorities had been pacified, and the public had been pleased. There
remained, however, a series of up-hill fights to be won, and the next
few years were probably the busiest and the most exciting in Sir
Clifton Robinson's life. It was not until 1 898 that substantial progress
was made. In that year an Act was obtained authorising the electrifi-
cation of the existing system and the extension of the line from Kew
Bridge through Brentford and Isleworth to Hounslow. Two years
later another Act and a Light Railways Order added Ealing, Hanwell,
Southall, Hayes, Hillingdon, Uxbridge, Twickenham, Teddington, and
Hampton to the company's sphere of operations. Difficulties raised
by the Royal Observatories of Greenwich and Kew delayed the actual
opening of the electrical era, but on April 4th, 1901, it was the proud
privilege of Sir Clifton Robinson to inaugurate the first electric tram-
way in°London. Henceforward Sir Clifton had the people on his side,
and their fiiith in and support of him greatly facilitated the negotiations
which have since added the Lower Thames Valley, an important and
populous section of Surrey, and the whole of South-West Middlesex
to the London United Tramways area. To-day he is the managing
director, engineer, and presiding genius of a system extending in its
authorised form over nearly one hundred route miles, and carrying over
fifty million passengers a year — a system which owes its inception to his
genius, and its construction and successful development to his
indomitable perseverance.
Sir Clifton Robinson was amon,^ the first to see that in the
conjunction of tram, train, and "Tube" lay the best hope of solving
the overcrowding problem of London, and it was inevitable that sooner
or later he would become ideiitified with these modern forms of rapid
transit. The story of how he became associated with the financial
group which now controls the Underground Railways of London,
including the Metro])olitan District Railway and the " Bakerloo," and
is actively pushing forward the construction of other " Tubes," though
intensely interesting, is too long to be told here. It must suffice to
say that he is now a director of the District Railway Company and of
the Underground Electric Railways of London, and it will be strange
if, before many years have elapsed, he does not add largely to the
obligation which all Londoners teel towards the pioneer of that method
of traction which has conferred upon them such an inestimable boon.
In public affairs Sir Clifton Robinson has so far been content
to play the part of a keenly-interested spectator, but since August,
1904, he has been a J.P. for Middlesex, and it may be hoped that
some day the county, or better still, the country — may have the good
fortune to enlist in its service the great talents which at present find
their chief exercise in the sphere of action he has made his own. As
matters stand his directorships of great undertakings occupy aU his
time, and he would be overburdened with work and responsibility if he
had not an enormous capacity for both.
Honours have come to Sir Clifton unsought. The sense of
" something attempted, something done " is the only reward for which
he really cares. Yet his knighthood, conferred upon him in 1905,
gave him sincere pleasure, for he entertains a passionate loyalty to
King Edward, and it was naturally a' source of great gratification to
hira°that in his person His Majesty should have honoured the
profession to which he belongs, for he has the distinction of being the
first practical tramway manager ever selected for the honour. Sir
Clifton is a Freeman of the City of London and a Liveryman of the
Worshipful Companies of Makers of Playing Cards and of Coachmakers
and Coach Harness Makers, and has also a seat on the Board of the
London Hospital
Sir Clifton Robinson married in 1874, and in the charming
Irish lady who became INIrs. (and later. Lady) Robinson, he found an
ideal partner. They have one son, Mr. Clifton Robinson, jun., who, as
superintendent of the London United Tramways, is worthily following
ia his father's footsteps.
Ccopold ac Rotbscbild, €sq., C.V.O., D.C, 3.p.
[HE owner of Gunnersbury Park, Ealing, Mr. Leopold de
Rothschild belongs to a family whose fame is world-wide
and the story of whose rise is one of the most romantic that
can be boasted. The founder of the Rothschild fortune was
Meyer Amschel Rothschild, whose name is by many felt to be
synonymous with honour and integrity and whose story is eminently
significant of the truth contained in the Shakespearian lines —
" There is a tide in the affairs of men
Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune."
At the time of the invasion of Germany by the Republican
army of France, Meyer Amschel Rothschild was a banker on a
comparatively small .scale at Frankfort-on-Maine. The passage of the
Rhine by the French was the signal for the abandonment of their
territories by almost all the minor Princes of Germany. Amongst
others, the Sovereign of Hesse Cassel became a fugitive and arrived
with his money and jewels at Frankfort, hoping there to find some
place where he might deposit them in safety until his troublous times
were over. The Prince had heard of the banker Rothschild and to
him he went with his treasure, the task of keeping wliich was at first
refused by him. But at length the Prince prevailed and showed the
perfect confidence he had in the man whom he had trusted by
requiring no receipt. Upon tiie departure of his visitor, Meyer
Rothschild's first care was to discover a secure hiding place for his
trust, and he had barely succeeded in so doing when the French
entered Frankfort.
So active had he been in his cHent's interests that he had no
time to attend to the safeoruardintj of his own fortune and it was all
lost ; but the Prince's treasure was undiscovered.
When these stirring times were over, Meyer Rothschild secured
the Prince's money ;',nd with its aid reorganised his bank. In 1802
His Rdyal Highness felt that it was safe to return to Cassel. On his
way thither he stopped at Frankfort and sought out Rothschild. He
had heard of the banker's loss and quite believed that his own wealth
had also been acquired by the French. To his surpi-ise, Rothschild's
first step was to return to him the whole of the capital sum
entrusted to his care, plus five per cent interest during the time he had
used it in his own concerns, whilst the parcel of jewels was returned to
its owner absolutely intact. The Prince was amazed at such an event,
but insisted that at least the banker should use the accumulated
interest and principal for twenty years more at the low rate of two per
cent. Nor did his gratitude towards the man who had proved so
scrupulous a guardian of another's wealth fade quickly, for at the
Congress of Vienna he represented Rothschild's conduct in such true
and glowing terms that all the potentates assembled were infiuenced in
his favour and as a consequence of his integrity he became the premier
Banker in the world.
Meyer Amschel Rothschild had five sons — Aiiselin of
Frankfort, Solomon of Berlin and Vienna, Nathan Mayer of
London, Charles of Naples and James of Paris. Having settled
in London, Nathan Mayer received letters patent of denizeuship in
the 44th year of George III.'s reign and was subsequently advanced
to the dignity of a Baron of the Austrian Empire. His eldest son,
Baron Nathan Rothschild, was the Member of Parliament for London
and was the father of the present Baron Rothschild, G.C.V.O., his
third son being Mr. Leopold de Rothschild.
Bai'on Lionel Nathan de Rothschild occupies a prominent place
in the annals of English politics as the first member of the Jewish
community who was allowed to take a seat in the House of Commons.
He was elected to Parliament for the City of London so far back as
1847, but on the House of Lords rejecting a Bill for the Removal of
Jewish Disabilities in 1848 he resigned his seat, and again offered himself
for election. He was once more returned, and in 1858, after sitting for
four sessions as a stranger in the House of which he had been duly
elected a member, he presented himself at the table of the House of
Commons and demanded to be sworn. A resolution was proposed again
altering the form of the oath, but this was neoatived. and an amendment,
made by Mr. Hume, allowing- the Baron to be sworn on the Old
Testament, was carried by a majority of 54, When the oaths were
administered, however, Baron de Rothschild, omitted the words, *' On
the true faith of a Christian," and was consequently ordered to withdraw.
Eventually, the House of Lords was induced to pass a clause, worded by
Lord Lucan, which enabled either House to modify the form of the oath
according to necessity. The House of Commons thus had it in their
power to authorise the omission of that portion of the oath referring to
the Christian religion, and the long struggle to gain for the Jews the full
privileges of other British subjects was ended ))y the Baron, after
having served on a Committee, being allowed to take his seat in the
same year.
Mr. Leopold de Rothschild, who was born in 1845, was educated
at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took his B.A. Degree in
1867 and his MJ.A. in 1870. He married Marie, daughter of Signor
Achille Perugia of Trieste, by whom he has three sons, the eldest of
whom, Lionel Nathan de Rothschild, is a Lieutenant in the Bucks
Imperial Yeomanry. Mr. Leopold de Rothschild is one of His
Majesty's Lieutenants for the City of London, as well as being a
Deputy Lieutenant and Justice of the Peace for Buckinghamshire.
Gunnersbury Park, Ealing, is Mr. Leopold de Rothschild's
Middlesex seat, his other country residences being Aseott, Leighton
Buzzard, and Palace House, Newmarket, while his town house is
5, Hamilton Place, W.
Like all the members of his family, Mr. Leopold de Rothschild
is distinguished for his great commercial and financial genius, as well as
for his many excellent social qualities. On his own estates he is
revered and admired by all with whom he comes in contact for he has
consistently revealed himself as being a man imbued with generous and
charitable instincts which he exercises not exclusively fortlie benefit of
those who belong to his own faith.
Gunnersbury Park, which was purchased by the Rothschild family
about the middle of the nineteenth century, is surrounded by grounds
of considerable extent, in the laying out of which Inigo Jones is
reputed to have exercised some control, as well as having designed
some of the houses which help to make them attractive. In olden
records the name is found as Gonyldesbury, or Gunyldsbury, the
name being probably derived from Gunyld or Gunnilda, niece of
Canute, who tradition asserts resided here until she was banished
from England in 1044. Another unhappy lady who lived at the
Manor was Alice Pierce or Ferrers, and after she, too, became an
exile, it was seized by the Crown.
The mansion which preceded that now standing was built in
1663 by Sergeant Ma^^nard from plans and under the superintendence
of Webbe, a pupil of Inigo Jones. In 1761 it was jmrchased for the
Princess Amelia, daughter of George II., who expended large sums of
money upon it and made it hei' occasional residence until the time of
her death, when it was sold in compliance with her will. It was here
that the Princess entertained her nephew , the King of Denmark, in a
most magnificent manner.
After having passed through several hands, the estate was
bought by a tradesman as a matter of speculation. He took down
the house and disposed of the materials, a proceeding which seems to
have given considerable satisfaction to certain Middlesex historians
who took exception to the ugliness of the previous design. A large
portion of the estate was purchased by Alexander Copland, Esq.,
who erected a handsome villa partly on the site of the earlier mansion.
This is now the property of Mr. Leo|iold de Rothschild In the
grounds are some very fine cedars of Lebanon which were planted by
Kent who laid out part of the grounds in 1740. Under the present
owner's rule, the gardens have greatl}' improved in beauty. Many
of the spacious conservatories contain priceless specimen flowers,
whilst other features of special interest to the ardent horticulturists
among whom IMr Leopold de Rothschild holds a prominent place are
the numbers of fruit trees in pots and the remarkably effective
Japanese and bamboo gardens.
A. H. TAfiLETON Esa., E.N., M.V.O.
H. f>. Carktoii, esq., R.n., m.v.o., dx., 3.p.
h-4
NE of the best known and most highly esteemed of the
residents in the Uxbridge Division of the County is Mr.
Alfred Henry Tarleton, who, during a large portion of the
year, resides upon his fine old estate, Breakspears.
A sailor by heredity and inclination, Mr. Tarleton is (after
gaining the rank of Lieutenant in the Royal Navy) still on the
Emergency List of Officers and took part in the last manoeuvres.
Despite the numerous calls upon his time, he personally
manages his estates, as well as sitting regularly on the Uxbridge
Bench of Magistrates. He is also a Deputy Lieutenant for the
County; was Sheriff in 1903; is President of the Conservative
Assocfation for the Uxbridge Division ; President of the Tariff Reform
League, Uxbridge and District ; Chairman of the Uxbridge Constitu-
tional Club ; Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Deptford
Fund ; President of the Deptford District League of Mercy — Order of
Mercy — and a zealous supporter of the Navy Employment Agency ;
Treasurer of the St. George's, Hanover Square Branch, Soldiers' and
Sailors' Families Association ; Member of the Council of the Navy
Records Society ; Hon. Sec. of the School for Naval Officers' Daughters
at Twickenham, etc , etc. His public work has brought him well
deserved recognition, for he has been created a Knight of Grace of the
Order of St. John of Jerusalem and a Member of the Victorian Order.
Mr. Tarleton has proved a generous benefactor to Harefield,
having established there an excellent Institute which is thoroughly
appreciated by the young men of the village and district. It was
inaugurated in 1896, and there are now over one hundred members.
He also encourages local football, and has given a cup to be competed
for in the Uxbridge and District Junior League ; while occasionally
he entertains and inspects the Uxbridge ComjDany of the 2nd V.B.
Middlesex Regiment.
From these facts it will readily be seen that Mr. Tarleton's
interests in Harefield, Uxbridge, his County and his Country are of the
widest nature, and it may be added that he is a political force in the
Parliamentary Division, his work for the Conservative Party during
the General Election of 1906 having been important and useful.
Mr. Tarleton is the only son of the late Admiral Sir J. Walter
Tarleton, K.C.B., eldest surviving son of Thomas Tarleton, Esq., of
Bolesworth, A.D.C to Queen Victoria, a Lord of the Admiralty
from 1871-74. Sir Walter was also the Admiral Superintendent
of the Naval Reserve from 1874-77 and served with distinction
in the Burmese War of 1852. He commanded H.M.S. "Euryalus," in
which shij) the late Duke of Edinburgh first served the Navy. Mr.
Tarleton's first ship was the " Sultan" which, when he joined in 1876,
was commanded by the Duke. In this he was present at the
forcing of the Dardanelles in 1878.
On February 8th, 1888, Mr. Tarleton married Henrietta
Charlotte, the only child of Admiral Tennyson d'Eyncourt, C.B., of
Bayons Manor, Lincolnshire, and Lady Henrietta d'Eyncourt, who
was the youngest daughter of the 4th Duke of Newcastle. Mr,
Tai-leton was a godson of the Duke of Edinburgh. He has three
daughters living.
Mr. Tarleton succeeded to the estates of Breakspears, Cranfield,
Garsington and Deptford under the will of Mrs. Drake, widow of Mr.
W. W. Drake, of Breakspears. The latter was a son of the Rev.
W. W. Drake, Rector of Malpass, Cheshire, by Eliza, daughter of
Thomas Tarleton, of Bolesworth Castle. He traces his descent from
the ancient faniil}' of Tarleton, of Aigburth, Lancashire, and Boles-
worth Castle, Cheshire, in which Counties they were seated early in
the 13th century. There is a charity now existing in Liverpool called
Tarleton's Charity for seamen's widows, which was established by
Captain Edward Tarleton, R.N., in 1680.
BREAKSPEARS.
Breakspears is one of the best-managed estates in Middlesex,
and has an interesting history. The family to whom Nicholas
Breakspear (Pope Adrian IV. — the only Englishman who ever
occupied the Papal Throne) belonged, owned it for centuries. An
interesting summing up of the various traditions which have gathered
round the house in this connection is given by Mr. Tarleton himself in
his extremely comprehensive work, " Adrian IV., Englishman and
Pope," which he published in 1896.
Mr. Tarleton's reasons for writing this history are stated by him
very cogently in his preface, from which the following lines may be
extracted : —
" It is strange that, notwithstanding the unique character of Breakspear'a
career, he is still very little known. Every schoolboy can give an outline of the
life of Thomas a Beket, who was made Archdeacon of Canterbury in the year
Adrian IV. died ; while it is not every one who can even fix the century in which the
English Pope lived. ... It seems unjust that while his enemies and inferior
men are remembered, he should be numbered among the forgotten heroes of
England. If it is good for us to study the lives of those who by unsullied careers
have added lustre to their native country and to revere their names, we
Englishmen can surely spare some of our admiration for Nicholas Breakspear."
Those who have had the pleasure of perusing Mr. Tarleton's
work will agree that it makes fascinating reading. The writer has
studied his subject with the most loviog care, has spared no pains to
marshal his facts and to depict clearly and vividly the personality of
the Pope. While admitting Adrian's faults, Mr. Tarleton shows him
to have been a man of the highest character, a skilful diplomatist and
a profound scholar. Patiently and scrupulously he sifts the truth
from the mass of inaccuracies which in the course of centuries have
often gathered about it, enabling his readers to gain correct ideas.
Speaking of the early life of Nicholas, prior to his rejection by
the Abbot of ISt. Albans, and after having quoted the brief records
concerning him given by such authorities as Stowe, Camden and
Fuller, Mr. Tarleton says ;—
" I think we may be certain that Adrian IV. was the son of Eober*'
Brekespere and was born at Abbot's Langley somewhere about the year 1100, His
name was Nicholas and his father either a man of humble means or from reduced
circumstances compelled to leave his home on the banks of the River Colne and
take up his dwelling in Abbot's Langley. If his family were of importance,
Robert was at any rate a younger^son and preferred to earn his own living to being
dependent upon his relations."
Referring to the traditions which have from time immemorial
associated Adrian's name with Breakspears, Mr. Tarleton continues : — •
" We now come to tradition ; and here it mxy bs woll to remember how
large a part the handing down from father to son of local events has added to
history. In such a matter as where a great man lived his birthplace and his
home, these unwritten records command our most serious attention. On a quiet
countryside the memory of so great a man would cling and hang round a locality
for centuries. Local names, registers, and such like, all offer silent evidence to the
truth of the legends associated with them. The rustic brain, dulled by the
monotony of agricultural labour, unrelieved by the advantages of the education of
the present day, !iad not in former times the wit or the knowledge to invent tales
Exaggeration in course of dme might grow round a single fact. But I think I may
safely say that in nine out of ten cases of local, or folk lore, there is some solid
foundation in truth; while in a case where the same tradition can ba traced bick
for centuries from son to father, supported by the evidence of nomenclature, we
may almost accept it as historical fact. A tradition of this niture has clung
persistently to two parishes which in the twelfth century was under the direct
influence of the great Abbey of the Holy Martyr Alban. One is that of Abbot's
Langley, in Hertfordshire, the other Harefield, on the Hertfordshire border of
Middlesex. In the former, which is a village dating back into Saxon time', it is
said Nicholas Breakspear was born ; while in the other is a small country house which
has born the name of Breakspears certainly since the latter end of the twelfth
century, and which is said to have been the place where his family lived, and to
have been occupied by their descendants for many years."
Writing of the Breakspear family's connection with the place
which bears their name, Mr. Tarleton explains : —
" We have before us the records and papers of a quiet English country
house, the inhabitants of which have from the earliest times lived peacefully
undisturbed by the upsetting influences of wars, revolutions, and drastic
changes.
"Deeds, papers, and records have slowly accumulated, and now stand
as mute evidence of the life of peacable country folk, with no startling events to
record, beyond the uneventful and monotonous sequence of births, marriages, and
deaths, varied only by the household and estate records of management.
" The family living in the house, at the earliest period, I have yet been
able to discover, was named Brekespere, or Breakspear, and that was in 1317.
The records of Moor Hall mention the name at an earlier date still. A deed
dated 1371, now before me, grants a lease of sixty years of some land at Hare-
field to William Brekespere of Brekespere, and is signed by one William de
Swanland, who was in those days Lord of the Manor. The house remained in
the possession of this family until 1430, and the various Christian names include
Adrian, Nicholas, and Eobert."
A deed exists in the House bearing date 1317. Eeferences to
the Breakspear family are found so late as 1591, when Anne Breakspear
was married at Harefield. But in the fifteenth century the Manor of
Breakspears passed into the hands of the Ashby family by the marriage
of Robert Ashby with Margaret Breakspear, heiress of Breakspear, In
1475. Their descendants held it until comparatively recent times.
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BREAKSPEARS.
when the male line became extinct, and it passed through the female
line to the present owner.
In the Breakspear Chapel of the Parish Church of St. Mary the
Virgin, Harefield, there are numerous brasses and monumental tablets
erected to the memory of various members of the Ashby family.
These include one to George Assheby, who was a clerk of the signet to
Henry VIII. The latest of these tablets is dated 1774.
One of many interesting features of the house is its numerous
stained glass windows whereon are emblazoned the arms of many noble
families who at times had connections ^yith the Ashbys. Among these
appear the arms of Queen Elizabeth, who in one of her progresses
honoured Harefield, and Breakspears, with her presence. Near the
Queen's arms are also those of her favourite statesmen, the Earls of
Leicester and Warwick.
In recent years Breakspears lias been much added to and greatly
improved. The house now stands in a lovely garden and is surrounded
by several acres of wood and pasture land, including some good game
preserves. Mr. Tarleton's gardens are as near perfection as can be, for
he is nothing if not thorouafh.
A modern feature of Breakspears is its splendidly equipped fire
brigade. Thei-e is a useful steamer, designed by Mr. Tarleton himself
and also a manual and the employ (^'s are periodically drilled by this
energetic master. On several occasions The Breakspear brigade has
done notable service at outbreaks of fire in the district, for its good
offices are always at the disposal of neighbours of all classes who may
have the misfortune to need them.
As we have shown, Mr. Tarleton's life is practically devoted to
the public service in numerous ways and his popularity in the County
is well deserved.
Mr. Tarleton's town house is 58, Warwick Square, S.W. His
clubs are the Marlborough and Arthur's, and the Koyal Naval Club,
Portsmouth.
CAPT. C. B. BALFOUR, M.P., D.L., J.P.
Captain C B. Balfour, m.p,. DX., 3.p.
^^
lAPTAIN" Charles Barrington Balfour, the Member of
Parliament for the Hornsey Division of Middlesex, is the
son of the late Charles Balfour, Esq., J. P., of Balgonie,
Fif(!, and Newton Don, Kelso, and the Hon. Adelaide
Barrington. Born in 18G2, he went in 1875 to Eton, whence in 1880
he passed second on the list to the Royal Military College. Sandhurst.
Tlie following year he came out third from the Royal Military College,
and was gazetted to u Lieutenancy in the Scots Guards, with which
regiment he saw active service in the Egyptian Campaign of 1882.
He was present at the battle of Tel-el-Kebir, but was invalided home
in the October of that year.
In 1890 Captain Balfour severed his connection with the Scots
Guards, and took up residence at Newton Don, which had not been
occupied since his father's death in 1872. Although from that period
interesting himself keenly in County and political matters. Captain
Balfour did not altogether abandon military work, for he took connnand
of a company as a Captain in the Berwickshire Volunteers (2nd King's
Own Scottish Borderers) from 1891-95.
After the disastrous " Black Week " of the South African War
he offered himselt for the front, but was not passed for foreign
service. He therefore expressed his willingness to undertake any
duty at home where he could be of use and was posted to the depot of
the K.O.S.B. at Berwick in the early spring of 1900, serving there
until transferred to the Royal Guards Reserve Regiment on its
formation in the summer of the same year. The regiment was
disbanded in 1901.
In 1885 Captain Balfour unsuccessfully contested Roxburgh-
shire. When the Scottish Local Government Act of 1890 came into
operation he became a member of the Berwickshire County Council
and subsequently Chairman of the Finance Committee of that body.
He is also a member of tlie Berwickshire West District (.!!ommittee, and
of the County Secondary Education Committee ; and Chairman of the
Nenthorn Parish Council and School Board.
In 1892 he stood for Berwickshire against Mr. Majoribanks,
but failed to capture the seat. At the bye-election occasioned by the
death of the Liberal member for that Division in 1894, Captain
Balfour contested the seat with Mr. H. J. Tennant, but here again, as
well as in 1895, when the fight was repeated, the effort was
unsuccessful.
During the year 1894-5, Captain Balfour did a considerable
amount of good work as President of the National Union of
Conservative Associations of Scotland, in addition to his County
Council duties. In 1899 he made another attempt to enter
Parliament, contesting the Southjiort Division of Lancashire with
Sir G. Pilkington, but again suffered defeat.
In the following year, whilst still serving in the Royal Guards
Reserve Regiment, Captain Balfour was adopted as the Conservative
and Unionist candidate for Hornsey, in succession to Mr. II. C.
Stephens who was retiring, and at the election was returned unopposed.
At the General Election of 1906 his seat was hotly contested, but he
contrived to hold it, notwithstanding that Conservative colleagues all
round him fell " with the swing of the pendulum." In the House he
is known as a good working member, and is on the Police and Sanitary
Committee.
As the representative of Hornsey Captain Balfour has interested
himself in the endeavour of the Hornsey Town (Council to secure
adequate postal facilities and a telephone service for the Borough, and
he also proved the friend at court when the Hornsey Education
Committee were in peril of being hard hit with regard to their Higher
Elementary School by the new regulations issued by the Board of
Education.
LADY NINA BALFOUR.
:iNEWTON DON, KELSO.
^MS?*i^^^?^j^tii
NEWTON DON HOUSE, KELSO.
Captain Balfour, who, in addition to his other offices, is a
Justice of the Peace for Roxburghshire, and a Justice of tlie Peace
and Deputy Lieutenant for Berwickshire, married in 1888 Lady Nina
McDonnell, daughter of the 5th Earl of Antrim, a lady who has made
herself very popular with her husband's constituents.
Captain Balfour is a Director of the British Linen Bank and
also of the Scottish Widows Fund Life Assurance Society.
When his Parliamentary duties permit, CajJtain Balfour
delights in deer stalking with his friends in the Highlands, or in
salmon fishing, shooting aud hunting on his beautiful estate, Newton
Don. Unlike his cousin, the ex- Premier, he is not a golfer.
Newton Don, Kelso, has an interesting history easily traceable
from the twelfth century.
The various portions of the estate were purchased from diffei-ent
proprietors and made into one by Sir Alexander Don in the 17th
century. The Don family were in possession of the property for two
hundred years and by various members the policies were laid out and
trees were planted, thus giving it its present picturesque appearance.
The existing house was built in 1817-18 by another Sir Alexander
Don, but it may have been begun, or at least planned, by his father
who owned the estate from 1776-1815. The architect was Sir R.
Smirke. Sir William Henry Don, the 7th Baronet, was born May,
1825. Almost immediately after his father's death there was a sale
of furniture and effects at Newton Don and during his minority
different portions of the estate were sold, till on his attaining his
majority in 1846 it was reduced fi-om an acreage of 3,330 to its present
extent of 1,225 acres. Sir William left the Army deeply in debt and
turned his attention to the stage. In 1861 he went to Australia and
died at Hobart Town, Tasmania, in the following year.
In 1847 the remaining portion of the estate of Newton Don was
sold to Charles Balfour, Esq., brother of James Maitland Balfour, Esq.,
of Whittinghame, and on his death in 1872 it passed to his son. Captain
Charles Barrington Balfour, the present owner.
Upon Captain Balfour's Fife estate at Balgonie he has done
a great deal for the improvement of the property since he came of age.
Farm buildings and cottages have been remodelled or rebuilt, and a
new water supply has been provided In 1887 the new pit, which had
taken three years to sink, began working, and this has since caused the
employment of a larger number of men than the old one, which was
sunk in 1845, and from which had been removed all the coal that could
})rofitably be worked. In the spring of 190G Lady Nina Balfour
opened at Coaltown of Balgonie a public hall which had been built at
Captain Balfour's expense for the use of the village where most of his
workmen live. Captain Balfour is unable to reside on this estate,
for the old Castle of Balgonie is a ruin and another house
belonging to him on the property is let on a lease v/hich still has some
years to run. But despite this Captain Balfour takes a very keen
interest in all that affects the welfare of those connected with the land,
which he visits periodically, inspecting it thoroughly with his agent.
Captain Balfour's town residence is 14, Grosvenor Crescent, S.W.
He is a member of the Carlton, Guards, Bachelors, and Bath Clubs in
London, and of the New^ Club, Edinburgh.
HERBERT NIELD, Esq., M.P., J.P.
mwt Ricid, €sq., IH.P., 3.p., in.C.C.
>-H
HE second sou of the late William Robert Niekl, Esq., of
Midge Hall, Saddleworth, Yorks, Mr. Herbert Nield was
born in 1862. He was educated privately, and, deciding to
embrace the Law, he was admitted a solicitor in February,
1885, after obtaining a place in the Honours List of the Incorporated
Law Society's final examination. He practised in the City until 1895,
when he was called to the Bar (Inner Temple) and became a pupil of
the present Mr. Justice Bray.
Turning his attention to Municipal matters, Mr. Nield
obtained a seat for the High Cross Division of Tottenham on tlie
County Council of Middlesex in March, 1895, after an election hotly
contested on political lines. But his victory was well won, for he
retained his seat without opposition in the subsequent elections of
1898, 1901 and 1904.
Education is one of Mr. Nield's strong points, and from 1 897
to 1900 he was a member of the Tottenham School Board when that
body was responsible for the tuition of some 25,000 children in daily
attendance. In addition to tlie valuable work he does as a member of
the Middlesex Education Committee, Mr. Nield is a member of the
Committee of Management of the Tottenham Polytechnic and County
School and a Governor of that very ancient foundation, Tottenham
Grammar School.
In 1906 Mr. Nield was elected an Alderman of Middlesex in
succession to the late Mr. Davenport and lie also represents the
County on the Lea Conservancy Board. His name was placed on the
Commission of the Peace for Middlesex in the year 1897, and he was
subsequently appointed one of the Visiting Magistrates of Wormwood
Scrubs Prison, an office which he still holds. Mr. Nield is also Vice-
Chairman of the Light Railways Committee of the Middlesex County
Council, in which position he has done a great deal of hard work in
connection with the tramway extensions of the last few years. He is,
besides, Vice-Chairman of the Parliamentary Committee of that body.
Politically, he is a strong Conservative, being as it were
" born in the faith." Although he has always been resident in the
County of Middlesex, Mr. Nield comes of an old North of England
Tory family long dwelling on the borders of Yorkshire and Lancashire,
where formerly they were landed proprietors and millowners. His
father on coming south identified himself with the Conservative cause
in Tower Hamlets — then apparently a hopelessly Radical constituency
— and to his efforts was largely due the return of the Rt. Hon. C. T.
Ritchie in 1874, when he first entered the House of Commons.
Mr Herbert Nield himself served his Party for over seventeen
years in Tottenham. He was Secretary and Treasurer of the Central
Conservative Association for that Constituency and acted as voluntary
election agent for Mr. Joseph Howard at the General Election in 1895
and again in 1900. In 1904 Mr. Nield was selected as the
Conservative candidate for Ealing and in Januar^'^, 1906, he was
successful at the polls — succeeding the Rt. Hon. Lord George
Hamilton, P.C., G.C.S.I., formerly Secretary of State for India, in the
representation of that most important I'arliamentary division. Mr.
Nield is and has been for years a member and an active speaker of the
United Club, he also represents St. Stephen's Club, ( for which he is
political secretary) on the governing body of the Association of
Conservative Clubs. He is also a member of the Executive
Committee and of the Council of the Home Counties Division of the
National Union and in 1906 was elected one of three representatives
of the Home Counties Division Central Council of the National Union
of Conservative Associations, one of the most important positions in
the world of Unionist orafanization.
In the old days Mr. Nield was a member of several Local
Parliaments, including the London Parliament and Debating Society
meeting at the Memorial Hall, Farringdon Road, and the one-time
celebrated Hackney Parliament, in which he hold office. As Premier
of the North London Parliament — an amalgamation of the old
Hackney and Islington societies — he in 189G prepared and brought in
a Bill " To provide for more effective elementary and technical
education in England and Wales," which, in several vital points,
foreshadowed the Act subsequently passed by the Imperial Houses and
which obtained for him the commendation of such men as Mr. Justice
Grantham, the late Lord Stanhope, Sir Frederick Milner, the Bishop
of Bristol, Dean Gregory and others. He is a member of the Church
of England, and on the Council of the London Diocesan Home
Mission.
Mr. Nield married in 1890, Mary Catherine, daughter of the
late John Baker, Esq., of Colyton, Devon, but who died in 1893,
leaving two sons, Wilfred Herbert Everard, born 1891, and Alan
Edgar, born 1893. In 1901, Mr. Nield married Mabel, second
daughter of Sir Francis Cory-Wright, Bart., of Caen Wood Towers,
Highgate.
He is generally found at work, as the foregoing public
positions would indicate, and which leave him but little leisure.
Among his recreations is mUsic, and for some time he held an
appointment as Honorary Organist at a London church. Among
sports he has a declared preference for shooting.
Bishop's Mead, The Bishop's Avenue, Hampstead Lane, is
Mr. Nield's picturesque residence, situated but a short distance north of
Hampstead Heath, and not far from the time honoured and historical
Spaniards Inn.
Chomas Bauman napicr. €sq.,
m.p., ££.D., 3.p.
lARRISTER-AT-LAW and Member of Parliament for the
Faversham Division of Kent, Dr. Napier, of 25, Hendon
Lane, Finchley, is the eldest son of Richard Clay Napier,
Esq., of West Cliff, Preston, Lanes., and Sarah, daughter
of Thomas Bateman, Esq., of Salford. He was educated at Rugby
and graduated at London University with First Class Honours in
Law^ subsequently obtaining the Doctorate in the Faculty.
Dr. Napier's student days were especially full of distinguished
successes. In the Trinity Term of 1870 he was the Incorporated
Law Society's Prizeman, being Scott Scholar and gaining the
Conveyancing Gold Medal in the same year. In 1881, the year in
which he gained his First Class Law Honours at the London
University, he was also the Inner Temple Equity Scholar (Hilary Term).
The corresponding term of the following year saw him Senior Student
in Jurisprudence and Roman Law at the Inns of Court Examination
and First Prizeman of the Council of the Legal Education School for
Lectures on Roman Law, etc , while in the Trinity Term he gained
Honours in the Bar Call Examination.
Dr. Napier is now a Fellow of the University of London and
was tor many years connected with the organization of the new
University. He had a seat on the Senate for twelve years, always
being a sturdy champion of the rights of Convocation.
In 1893 Dr. Napier was elected a representative of North
Islington on the Ijonclon Count}^ Council as a Progressive of
the moderate type. He was Chairaian of the Corporate Property
Committee for many years and, later, of the Parliamentary Committee
for three years.
His first political contest took jolace in 1895 when he opposed
Sir George Bartley as the Parliamentary candidate for North
Islington, but was not returned. In the same year he was made a
Justice of the Peace for Middlesex, since when he has sat with
considerable frequency on the Highgate Bench. In January, 1906, he
stood as the Liberal candidate for the Faversham Division of Kent,
and defeated his opponent, Capt. J. Howard, by 1,834 votes.
Dr. Napier has travelled a great deal in Europe, one of his
favourite recreations being mountaineeering, though he also pleads
guilty to golf, cricket, tennis and rowing. He has written a number of
legal books, including "A Concise Practice of Queen's Bench,
Chancery Division."
In 1882 Dr. Napier married Florence Emily, daughter of
A. ,T. Eoberts, Esq., of Upminster, Essex. His eldest son is an
excellent cricketer, having a place in the Cambridge XL and also
playing for Middlesex.
Dr. Napier's clubs are the Reform and the Eighty.
COL. E. G. M. DONNITHORNE, J. P.
EieutcnantColoncl e. 6. IK. Doniiitboriic, 3.p.
GALLANT soldier and an English gentleman is Lieut.-
Colonel Edward George Moore Donnithorne, J.P., of Colne
Lodge, Middlesex. Though representing an ancient Cornish
family, Colonel Donnithorne was born in Middlesex, at
Twickenham, in 1842. He was educated at Cbiirterhouse, that
historic Foundation which can proudly claim to have had the training
of many great men, including Addison, Steele, John Wesley, Grote,
Havelock and Thackeray. Thence he passed to the Royal Military
Academy, Woolwich, subsequently being gazetted to the Scots Greys,
in which regiment he rose to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel.
Than the Army, of course, there is no better school for training
in thoroughness and attention to detail, and this is probably how it is
that these qualities now seem to be almost inherent in Cplonel
Donnithorne. During his active military career he saw service in
New Zealand, and received the medal struck in commemoration of
that war, where he was present at the storming of the Gate Pah.
Under Lord Strathnairn, Colonel Donnithorne also served
through the Fenian insurrection in Ireland in 1866. He took the two
captured American Irish leaders, Burke and Doran, from Kilmainham
to receive their sentence for high treason. They were adjudged to be
drawn on a hurdle to the place of execution and there to be hanged,
drawn and quartered, and were the last in England to receive the old
sentence for this crime.
As the inventor of the wire entanglement system which is now
so extensively used in warfare, Colonel Donnithorne can claim to have
taken an important part in connection with the South African and
Japanese wars. He submitted the idea to the War Office in 1884 and
was sent to Chatham to demonstrate its value.
That Colonel Donnithorne is of a practical turn of mind is
shown by the fact that upon the expiration of Dr. Otto's patents for
propulsion by the explosion of gas he was one of the first to pioneer
the motor industry in England. For its extension the Colonel
established at Twickenham the Colne Valley Engineering Cou)pany
which was carried on successfully for five years, but was compelled to
close its doors in 1894 in consequence of the general depression in the
enafineering trade.
Colonel Donnithorne married in 1875, Harriette Lucia, only
daughter of the late John Alexander, Esq., of Milford House, Carlow,
who was a former Member of Parliament for Carlow and Representative
of the Earls of Stirling.
As we have mentioned. Colonel Donnithorne is the descendant
of a very ancient Cornish famil3^ The name was originally spelt
De Bonython, and family records show that its members were
located at Bonython prior to the Conquest and were resident for six
hundred years afterwards at Carclew, Falmouth and St. Agnes,
Cornwall. An inscription on a tankard belonging to Sir Langdon
Bonython, late Premier of South Australia, shows that one of its
members assisted at the Coronation of James I. as Cupbearer.
While the senior line of the House of Bonython, of Bonython,
terminated in 1725, the direct line of the family of Bonython of
Carclew flourished until 1860. This was founded by the marriage in
1190 of Richard de Bonython, second son of Symon de Bonython, to
Isabelle D'Aungiers, the heiress of Carclew. A prominent scion of
this branch was Nicholas Donnithorne of St. Agnes, Cornwall, who
married Anna, daughter of Thomas Comyn, Esq., of Barking, Essex,
the lineal descendant and representative of the Comyns of Badenoch
and the Red Comyn who was murdered by Robert Bruce in 1306.
Mr. Donnithorne was Warden of the Stannaries to the Prince of
Wales. He died in 1796, leaving two sons and five daughters. The
MRS. DONNITHORNE.
eldest son Isaac succeeding to the Estates of Ilayne Castle, Devon,
assumed the n;',uie and arms of Mohun-Harris, an ancient Devonian
family, the descendants of Robert de L'Aisne or Hay ne, Earl of Mortain,
younger brother of William the Conqueror. His son Hugo, became
Duke of Cornwall and the Ha^^ne Estates were bestowed on him by the
Conqueror. Charles II. was secreted at Hayne for some days durin^
his tlight from Worcester. The second son James, of Holmer,
Hereford, and St, Agnes, Cornwall, was Judge Chief Commissioner
and Governor of the Bengal Mint. He married in 1807, Sarah,
daughter of Captain Bampton, R.N., the Pacific navigator and
discoverer of the islands which bore his name. Dying at Sydney.New
South Wales, Judge Donnithorne left two sons and three daughters.
The eldest son dying, without issue, his second son, Edward Harris
Donnithorne, of Colne Lodge, D.L. and J.P. for Middlesex, became
a Lieutenant in the 16th Queen's Lancers. He was born in 1810
and married in 1834, Elizabeth Jane, 3'oungest daughter of the Rev.
George Moore, Rector of Sowton, Devon, and by her had two sons and
three daughters, of whom the eldest is Colonel Donnithorne.
As a Justice of the Peace for the County, Colonel Donnithorne
has always shown that he believes in fulfilling his obligations without
fear or favour. Few gentlemen are better versed in public matters
than he, and few bring to bear upon them a more unbiassed mind, or
sounder judgment. In the performance of his various public and
private duties he has always been actuated by the loftiest of motives,
and by the one desire to do his best for all concerned.
A staunch Conservative in politics. Colonel Donnithorne is
also an ardent advocate of Tariff Reform, believing that in that
direction lies the main solution for many of the commercial troubles
which distress and threaten the Empire.
Colonel Donnithorue's town residence is 76, Queen's Gate,
Kensington.
MONTAGU SHARPE, Esq.. D.L.. J.P.
montaflu SDarpe, €$q*, DX., 3*P*
^H
[HE only son of the late Capt. Benjamin Sharps, R.N., of
Hanwell Park, Middlesex, Mr. Montagu Sharpe was born in
1 856. He is a Justice of the Peace for Middlesex and West-
minster (1883), and a Deputy Lieutenant of the County
(L888). Since 1896 he has been Deputy Chairman of the Court of
Quarter Sessions and Vice-Chairman of the County Council of Middle-
sex since its formation in 1889. Barrister, Grays Inn, 1889. He is
Chairman of the Brentford Petty Sessions and of the Commissioners
of Taxes ; President and Treasurer of the Hanwell Cottage Hospital ;
President of the Brentford Division of the League of Mercy, and a
member of the Council of the League, and has been awarded the
Order of Mercy ; Chairman of the Council of the Royal Society for
the Protection of Birds — in which connection he has done much to
preserve the wild birds of Middlesex and to promote legislation and
nature study by County competitions ; and he has been Chairman
of the Hanwell Conservative Association since 1883, etc.
Mr. Sharpe is a well-known Freemason. He is P.G. Deacon of
the Grand Lodge of England and was the Founder of the Jersey
and of the Horsadun liodges. He is also Treasurer of Hobbaynes'
Charity, Hanwell, which v/as founded in 1484 ; a Director and one of
' the promoters of the Egyptian Delta Light Railways, of the Tendring
Hundred Water Company, and Chairman of John Birch and
Company.
Mr. Sharpe is the author of " Some Antiquities of Middlesex,"
and " The Vill by the Old Brent Ford."
His favourite recreations are boating, photography and the
workshop. For three years Mr. Sharpe was the winner of the
Civil Service Mile Challenge Cup. He forraerl}' hunted with the
Queen's and Sir R. B. Harvey's hounds.
In 1888 Mr. Sharpe married Mary Annie, only daughter of the
late Capt. J. Parsons, R.N.
Mr. Sharpe's Middlesex residence is Brent Lodge, Hanwell.
His town address 3, Elm Court, Temple, E.G., and liis club tjie
Junior Carlton.
PERCIVAL BOSANQUET, Esq., D.L. J.P.
PerciDal Bosanquett esq*, DX-, 3-P-
FAMILY possessed of the rich assets of brain power, mental
and physical vigour and commercial genius, which was
amongst the many founded in England as a consequence of
the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, is that of Bosauquet,
which has now for centuries been held of the highest repute in the
bankino- world.
'&
The House was originally settled in Languedoc, and when
Louis XIV. issued his drastic proclamation againbt the Huguenots,
two of its cadets fled to England, there to rebuild fortunes which
their swift flight from France temporarily ruined. One of these
refugees was David Bosanquet who came to England in 1686 and v/as
subsequently naturalised. So firm was he in his religious convictions
that he refused a legacy of 1,800 livres left him by his father on
condition that he returned to Franco and became a Roman Catholic.
His descendant, Jacob Bosanquet, of Broxbournebury, Herts, was
High Sheriff for that County in 1803, an office which was also held by
his eldest son, George, in 1833.
Mr. Percival Bosan(|uet, who is the second son of Augustus
Henry Bosanquet, Esi]., of Osidge, Southgate, by Louisa Piiscilla,
eldest daughter of David Bevan, Esq., of Belmont, East Barnet, and
Fosbury Manor, Hungerford, was born at 13, Hanover Terrace,
Regent's Park, on the 30th December, 1831. He began his education
at the Kev. William Browne's school at Cheam, Surrey, afterwards
studying under the Rev. R. B. Mayor, at Rugby School ; thence
going to Dr. Wagner's academy at Korb, near Stuttgardt.
For some time after enteviiiL,' the commercial arena, Mr.
Bosanquet trailed as a West India merchant, but retired iu 1883. He
is now a Director of the Alliance Assurance Corporation, the Union of
London and Smith's Bank and the Provincial Bank of Ireland.
In 1859 Mr. Bosanquet married Charlotte Louisa, daughter of
Richard Bevan, Esq., of Higli Cliff Lodge, Brighton, and has three
sons.
A Justice of the Peace for Middlesex, as also for Westminster
and Hertfordshire, of which latter County he is also a Deputy
Lieutenant, Mr. Bosanquet is diligent in the discharge of the duties of
his position. Like the members of his family of whom earlier mention
was made, he has also served Hertfordshire as High Sheriff', which
appointment he held in 189G
A vigorous Conservative, and one who thoroughly believes in the
urgent necessity for Tariff Reform, Mr. Bosanquet has frequently
proved his worth as an able and impressive public speaker, his utter-
ances showing him to be possessed of high ideals and broad views. To
the consideration of problems that may be under discussion, he brings
a n)ind singularly free from bias and prejudice and the disciplined
faculties of a keen and well-informed observer of public affairs. He
was for some years Ruling Councillor of the Barnet and Hertford
Habitations of the Primrose League.
In religion Mr. Bo.sanquet is an Evangelical Churchman. He
resides at Ponfield, Little Berkhamstead, Hertford.
GEORGE DUNBAR WHATMAN, Esq., D.L., J. P.
fieorse Dunbar WDatman, esq., DX-, 3-P-
[HE eldest sou of William Godfrey Whatman, Esq., of 73,
Lombard Street, J^ondoii, and the grandson of James
Whatman, Esq , of Vinters Park, Maidstone, Mr. George
Dunbar Whatman was born February 21st., 184G. He was
educated at Eton College, that famous Foundation
" Where grateful science still adores
Her Henry's holy shade" —
a jjoetic allusion by Gray to Henry VI., who established the College
in 1440 under the title of " The College of the Blessed Mary of Eton
beside Windsor "
From Eton Mr. Whatman went to Oxford, where he graduated
B.A. in 1867 at Exeter College — a College originally known as
Staplcdon Hall, in memory of its Founder, Walter de Stapledon,
Bishop of Exeter, sometime Lord High-Treasurer of England, who
removed to this place his scholars from Hart Hall, and made a
foundation for a rector and twelve fellows.
Adopting his father's profession, that of a banker, Mr. Whatman
subsequently became a partner in the private bank of Messrs.
Bosanquet, Salt and Co., of 73, Lombard Street, E.C. In 1884 this
was amalgamated with Lloyd's Bank, Ltd., of which famous institution
Mr. Whatman is a Director. He holds a similar position in the Bank
of British North America, the Provincial Bank of Ireland, the
Liverpool, London, and Globe Insurance Co., and the Anglo
Foreign Banking Company.
Mr. Whatman married in April, 1872, Frances, the eldest
daughter of George Arthur Fuller, Esq., Banker, of The Rookery,
Dorking, and 77, Lombard Street, E.G., and has an only .son, Arthur
Dunbar Whatman, born 1873.
In 187G Mr. Whatman was appointed one of H.M. Lieutenants
for the City of London. In 1885 he was placed on the Commission
of the Peace for . Middlesex and serves in a similar capacity for the
County of London.
A Conservative in politics, Mr. Whatman has no sympathy at
all with the avowed principles of Radicalism, and >is keenly opposed to
change for the mere sake of change. Neither does he believe in State
interference in the ordinary affairs of men's lives. Mr. Whatman does
not rely ujjon others for his opinions, but strikes out on his own
responsibility and judgment. He is a gentleman with a high sense of
honour, and is possessed of broad and generous sympathies.
The family which Mr. Whatman represents is proud of its
descent from a race of independent Kentish yeoman of Saxon times.
A prominent member of the family in the eighteenth century was
James Whatman, Esq., who was born in 1741 and in 1767 was High
Sheriff for Kent. The association with the banking world was begun
in his time, for he mnrried as his second wife, in 1776, Susannah, the
eldest daughter of Jacob Bosanquet, Esq., banker, while in 1798 his
second daughter married Samuel Bosanquet, Esq., of Dingestow
Court, Co. Monmouth.
Mr. Whatman resides at 2, Granley Gardens, South Kensington,
S.W. His clubs are the Windham, White's, the WelHngton and
Hurlingham, and he is a member of the Marylebone Cricket Club.
LUKE HOWAED, E^q., F.E.S.
CDe l>ou)ard Fattiilp.
JINCE the first Domesday Survey was made, Tottenham has
been able to point with pride to a considerable number of
great men who have sojourned within its borders. But,
probably, few of these have so firmly impressed their
beneficent personality upon the district as the members of the
Howard family, whose connection with Tottenham lasted for consider-
ably over a century and of whose great-hearted kindness and untiring
efforts for the welfare of the neighbourhood those who knew them best
are never tired of telling.
The first of the family to settle in Tottenham was Mr. Luke
Howard, who was born in 1772, and whose name is known all the
world over as one of the founders of the science of meteorology and for
having given to the chief cloud formations the names by which they
are still known. Luke's father, Robert Howard, who amassed a
considerable fortune in London by manufacturing iron and tin goods,
was the chief introducer of the Argand lamp. Like many of his
descendants, he possessed a facile pen and his pamphlet on "Corn
and Quakers " is interesting reading. This was published in 1800 to
dpfend the members of the Society of Friends from the imputation
thai they were doing all in their power to raise the price of corn.
A Quaker like his father, Luke was educated from his eighth to
his fifteenth year at a private school at Burford in Oxfordshire, where,
he complained in later life, he " learned too much Latin grammar and
too little of anything else." Whatever be the correct view on this
point, his maturer life showed that he had acquired the precious
capacity to use and develop his own brain power and that while at
school he was started upon the intellectual path which ultimately led
to his becoming what Emerson has described as " an accurate and deep
man."
Chemistry being the science which in his teens chiefly
attracted the lad, he was apprenticed to a Stockport druggist and his
determination to make his mark is shown by the fact that after
business hours he taught himself French, botany and scientific
chemistry.
In 1793 he opened his own business as a chemist in London,
near Temple Bar. Thi-ee years later, with William Allen — another
Friend- — he was a partner in the retail business in Plough Court,
Lombard Street, now known as Allen and Hanburys, Limited. At
that time the larger proportion of medicinal substances were of
vegetable and animal origin, the number of chemicals in use being
comparatively few. But as the demand for the latter grew, Allen and
Howard decided uj^on opening a factory in which pharmaceutical
chemicals could be prepared on a manufacturer's scale. As a result, in
1797, a piece of land was secured at Plaistow and near there Luke
Howard went to live, he superintending the manufacturing branch of
the business, while Allen remained in the City. Success followed the
venture and at the beginning of the nineteenth century, larger premises
being needed, a move was made to Stratford where an old distillery,
known as the City Mills, was acquired. About this time the
partnership with Allen was dissolved, but Luke Howard retained the
Stratford works and there founded the firm of manufacturing chemists
which has acquired a world-wide reputation as Howards and Sons.
When Luke Howard first went to Stratford, the Marshes near
which the Mills were situated were a great waste of undrained land
but sparsely dotted with houses, and with the heron and the wild duck
ranking as their most numerous denizens. Now, the Marshes are
almost non-existent and the land is covered with houses, factories and
tenements, forming one of outer London's greatest centres of industrial
enterprise.
But active as was Luke Howard's interest in his business, it by
no means absorbed his entire mental activities. Possessed of a brain
which was keen, virile and exceptionally well trained, he was always in
the forefront of the mental progress of his time. He became a Fellow
ROBERT HOWARD, Esc^.
of the Royal Society and also a member of the Linnean Society, before
which latter association he in 1800 read an interesting " Account of a
Microscojjic Investigation of Several Species of Pollen with remarks
and questions on the Structure and Use of that part of Vegetables," a
paper which has proved a fruitful starting point for research by
botanists who have succeeded him.
Another scientific society with which Luke Howard was
prominently connected was the Askesian, to which almost all the
leaders of scientific thought at that time belonged. It was before this
select coterie that in 1802 he first read his famous paper on " Modifi-
cations of the Clouds." It is by his studies on this subject that he is
chiefly remembered to-day, for he proved to be a pioneer whose
followers have seen no reason for altering the nomenclature he then
assigned to the chief formations.
One very interesting result of Luke Howard's studies in this
direction was his correspondence with Goethe. The famous German
was attracted by some of Howard's theories concerning clouds, and
desired to know something of the writer's personal history. Howard's
response was an autobiographical sketch, and Goethe in return sent
him a short poem entitled '' Howard's Ehrengedachtniss," and a
description in verse of the chief cloud forms according to his
correspondent's classifications. Another correspondence which occupied
a considerable place in Luke Howard's life was that with Dalton, the
propounder of the atomic theory, who like Howard was a member of
the Society of Friends. It is worthy of note that towards the close of
the eighteenth century, many of the prominent thinkers of the day
belonged to this Society, the members of which Howard himself
described as having formed a " special compact to shun the priest and
live peaceably with all men and in unity as brothers, sweai-ing not at
all, and taking care of each other in a religious way."
Yet another scientific direction in which Luke Howard became
a pioneer was in the study of meteorology. It was in 1806 that he first
began to pursue his investigations. He kept a register and in 1833
publi-shed his work on •' The Climate of London," in which he brought
his observations down to the year 1830. Despite the fact that his
instruments were far from the ])erfect ones which an investigator of
to-day would be able to employ, Howard's work still remains a standard
authority on the subject, and is indeed almost the only record of
observations of the character made in the early part of the 19th
<;entury.
His scientific interests by no means filled the whole of Luke
Howard's life. The greater part of his leisure was devoted to
philanthropic and religious work. He was a contributor to the
periodical literature of his day, one of his chief efforts being " The
Yorksliireuian," a veil varied miscellany of religious and literary
articles which he edited from 1833-37. As a member of the Committee
of the Bible Society he took an active part in the controversy
concernitig the circulation of the Apocrypha, considering that it should
be included in Bibles intended for countries where Roman Catholicism
flourished. He also published some English translations of the
Apocrypha from the Vulgate.
As would be expected, Luke Howard was a zealous supporter
of the anti-slaver}'^ agitation, hating tyranny in any form. He also
actively assisted the movements for the relief of the German peasants
in districts ravaged by the Napoleonic wars subsequent to the retreat
from Moscow. In this connection he visited Gez-many for the purpose
of superintending the distribution of the funds raised by himself and his
friends, and received from the Kings of Prussia and Saxony and the
Free City of Magdeburg generous acknowledgments of his exertions.
It was in 1812 that Luke Howard first made his home in
Tottenham. His house stood on the North side of Tottenham Green
and was one of two built upon the site where had previously stood the
mansion of Sir Abraham Reynaldson, a Lord Mayor of London. This
house was erected in 1590. Reynaldson, who was Lord Mayor of
London in 1649, was an ardent Royalist, and refused to proclaim the
Act abolishing the kingly power in England. As a consequence, he
was by Parliament discharged from his Mayoralty, was fined £2,000
and committed to prison. He died at his Tottenham residence in 1661
and the public grief displayed at his funeral was eloquent testimony to
the firm hold he had upon the affections of those amongst whom his
life had been spent. From 1752-1810 his house was occupied by the
Foster family who there maintained a boarding school which attained
considerable repute.
Luke Howard married in 1796, Mariabella, the daughter of
John Eliot of London, and later of Tottenham, who was also a writer,
amongst the works she published being " The Young Servant's Own
Book." She died in 1852. Their notable sons were Robert
Howard, F.C.S., who was born in 1801, and died in 1871, and John
Eliot Howard, F.R.S., F.I.S., born in 1809 and who is known as " the
greatest of British quinologists." Luke Howard outlived his wife by
JOHN ELIOT HOWARD, Es^., F.R.S., F.L.S.
twelve years, dying at Bruce Grove on the 21st March, 1864, in the
92nd year of his age.
Robert Howard entered the chemical works in 1816, his brother
John Eliot following him seven years later. Both inherited their
father's keen analytical and scientific brain, but devoted their attention
almost entirely to chemical matters. Robert was one of the earliest
members of the Chemical Society, and both he and John Eliot Howard
assisted in the formation of the Pharmaceutical Society which was
incorporated in 1843.
It is with the manufacture of quinine that the name of Howard
and Sons became most widely celebrated, and great impetus was given
to their cultivation of this branch by the investigations of John Eliot
Howard. Like his father, he was a member of the Lirinean Society
and also became a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1852 he
published a report on the collection of cinchona bark in the British
Museum made by the Spanish botanist, Pavon. As a sequel to
his studies he purchased from Madrid in 1858 the manuscript of
the " Nueva Quinologia" and the specimens of cinchona bark
belonging to Pavon. He employed a botanical artist to illustrate
the work, and published in 1862 the elaborate "Illustrations of
the ' Nueva Quiiinologia ' of Pavon and Observations on the bark
described." His second great book, published in 1869 on " The
Quinology of the East India Plantations," was the result of his
examination of the bark and of the forms of cinchona introduced into
India from the Andes by Markham, Spruce, and Cross. To John
Eliot Howard himself was largely due the honour of introducing the
cultivation of this bark into India and Ceylon. In his spacious
gardens at Lord's Meade, Tottenham, he cultivated a great number
of the young plants for experimental purposes and thence many of
them were exported to trojDical plantations. He was also keenly
interested in watching the results of hybridising the cinchonas. For
his research on this subject he received the thanks of the Government.
Like his father, John Eliot Howard evinced a deep interest in
religious study. He was Vice-president of the Victoria Institution,
where he delivered an address on " Science and Revelation." He
died at Lord's Meade on the 22nd November, 1883.
In succession to Robert Howard, the carrying on of the firm
of Howards and Sons devolved upon the surviving partners, one of
whom was Col. Samuel Lloyd-Howard, C.B., eldest son of Robert
Howard. The Colonel retired in 1897 and died in 1901. The
business is now a Limited Company, being under the Chairmanship of
Robert Howard's fourth son, Mr. David Howard, D.L., J.P., whose
co-directors are his brother, Mr. Theodore Howai-d, and his sons, Mr.
David Lloyd Howard, F.C.S., and Mr. Bernard Farnborough Howard,
his nephew, Mr. Geoffrey E. Howard and Mr. Alfred Graveley
Howard, F.C.S., the son of Mr. Joseph Howard, Tottenham's former
Member of Parliament.
Mr. Joseph Howard's brother, Mr. William Dillworth Howard
(the elder son of John Eliot Howard) was for nearly half a century
associated with the firm, but retired in 1901. Like all the
members of his family, Mr. Dillworth Howard is prominent amongst
the philanthropists. An organisation in which he takes special
interest is the London City Mission, to which he has given many a
helping hand.
Such are a few of the " footprints on the sands of time " left by
members of a family which Tottenham honours for its unflinching
examples of uprightness and loyalty to duty and because the lives of
its members have been fruitful in labours, useful to the community and
honourable to the individuals. Whether as scholars, religionists or
philanthropists, it has ever been the pride of the Howards to be
amongst those who love their fellow men. Many are the persons who
have had reason, and still have, to utter the name of Howard with
feelings of thankfulness and gratitude. We are told that to do good
truly and trustfully is the healthiest of humanity's conditions ; and
great, far-reaching, but always unostentatious has been the good done
by the Howards.
WM. DILLWOKTH HOWARD, Esq.
ALFRED G, HOWARD, Esq., F.C.S.
THEODORE HOWARD, Esq.
D. LLOYD HOWARD, Esq., F.C.S.
DAVID HOWARD, Esq., D.L, J.P.
JOSEPH HOWARD, Esq., J.P.
fON of the late J. Eliot Howard, F.R.S., and Maria,
daughter of the late William Dillworth Crt'wdson, banker, of
Kendal, Mr. Joseph Howard belongs to a family which has
been connected with Tottenham for over a century. Mr.
Howard's grandfather, Mr. Luke Howard, F.R.S., was an authority on
meteorology. In 1803, when quite a young man, he read before the
Royal Society and published, a paper giving the results of his
researches into cloud formation. In this he assigned to the several
types of clouds names which have since been universally adopted,
and to this day in any discussion of this branch of study of
the heavenly phenomena the name of Howard is of frequent occur-
rence. Mr. Howard's father was likewise made a Fellow of
the Royal Society in recognition of his scientific investigation
of the several properties of chinchona barks, made in cunnection with
the well-known firm of Howards & Sons, who were pioneers in the
manufacture of quinine.
Mr. Howard was born at Lord's Mead, Tottenham— a house
since demolished — in 1834. He was educated at University College,
London. He took his B.A. degree at London University in 1853 and
was called to the Bar (Lincoln's Inn) in 1856. He has, however, not
practised since 1867, and has for many years been engaged in the iron
tube trade at 50, Cannon Street, E.C.
Mr. Howard married in 1859 Ellen, daughter of Henry
Waterhouse, and a cousin of Alfred Waterhouse, the celebrated archi-
tect, and has a family of five sons and two daughters. He is a Justice
of the Peace for the County of Middlesex, and a member of the Justices'
ParHamentary Committee of the Court of Quarter Sessions. He is
also one of H.M.'s Lieutenants for the City of London. When the
County Council was created in 1888, Mr. Howard was elected an
Alderman, and he has been connected with the County government
ever since.
In politics Mr. Howard is a Conservative. He represented
Tottenham at St. Stephen's from 1885 to 1905, when he declined to
stand again.
Mr. Howard's town house is 18, Kensington Court, and his club
is the Carlton.
COL. BOWLES, J. P.
MRS. BOWLES.
Colonel !>♦ ?* Bowles, 3-P*
^^
OLONEL Bowles lives on his father's estate at Forty Hall.
The Mansion was designed by Inigo Jones. The handsome
gateway to the stables is still intact.
The house contains many details fascinating to the connoisseur.
In the drawing room there is a beautiful old ceiling of plaster and also
in two bedrooms ; and some of the panelling is very good.
On the ground floor, in the Pillar Room, a portrait of Sir
Nicholas Raynton, by Dobson (the pupil of Vandyke), is let into the
wall over the fireplace. This is an admirable work of art, and is in a
very good state of preservation.
Colonel Bowles is the " Father " of the Middlesex County
Council, having been elected on the first Council in 1889, and has
represented Enfield on it ever since. For many years he has been
Vice-Chairman of the Education Committee.
From 1889-1906 Colonel Bowles represented the Enfield
Division of the County in Parliament.
At Forty Hall there are aquaria with a collection of Sea
Anemones. There are specimens from all parts of the world,
reminding us of how the poets also have been charmed by their
attractions. Southey wrote : —
" Here, too, were living flowers.
Which like a bud compacted
Their purple cups contracted ;
And now in open blossom spread,
Stretch'd like green anthers many a seeking head."
We have also been told that
" Seas have —
As well as earth — vines, roses, nettles, melons,
Mushrooms, pinks, gilliflowers, and many millions
Of other plants, more rare, more strange than these,
As very fishes, living in the seas."
And many such glories are in the aquaria at Forty Hall. In addition,
there are prawns from the Island of Sark and other wonders of the
deep. For instance, there are three-tailed gold fish from Japan and
various aquatic freaks. There are, besides, several brilliant specimens
of reptiles, lizards from the South of France and from Spain, tree frogs
and Indian lizards.
Colonel Bowles married in 1889 the third daughter of John L.
Broughton, Esq., of Tunstall and Almington Halls, Shropshire.
THE PILLAR EOOM, FORTY HALL, ENFIELD.
IN THE WOOD AT FORTY HALL.
FORTY HALL, ENFIELD.
rOflTY HALL, ENFIELD.
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p. W. p. CARLYON-BRITTON, Esq.. J.P.
p. W. p. CarlponBrmoii. €sq., 3.p.
^-i--
fLTHOUGH for long associated with the County of Middlesex,
Mr. Carlyon-Britton derives from a West country family,
who have been seated for the last four centuries at Bitten,
in the County of Gloucester, in which Parish is situated
Hanhaui Court, the seat of Mr. Carlyon-Britton, who is a De})uty
Lieutenant for that County and Lord of the Manor of Hanham Abbots
or West Hanham.
The earliest mention of the family at Bitton is met with in the
Subsidy Rolls of the 14th and 15th years of Henry VIII., where the
names of Thomas Breton and John Breton occur as paying the subsidy
in the tithing or hamlet of Oldland in the Parish above mentioned.
From that date the name of Breton, in that form and its derivative of
Brittoa, regularly occurs. Thomas and John Breton were descended
through a'femily of tliat name in Essex from Nicholas Breton, of
Layer°Breton, in that County, who was living there in the early part of
the fifteenth century.
At an earlier date the name is met with in the Counties of
Gloucester, Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall, the first progenitors being
Alured, Ansger and Joscelyne Brito, who came from Brittany as
members of the Army of Alan, Duke of Brittany, in the wake of
William the Conqueror. As tenants in chief of the King^ they and
their sons soon received grants of various Manors in the Counties of
Gloucester, Somerset, Devon and Cornwall as well as in Essex and
other Counties, and reference to such tenures can be found in Domesday
Book.
Of the Britton family a prominent member was Simon Gage
Britton, M.D., of King's Close, Barnstaple, Devon, who was a surgeon
in the Royal Navy and was present on board the "Victory" at the
battle of Trafalgar.
Mr. Carlyon-Britton, the present head of the family, was born
on the 13th of October, 1863, at Bristol, being the elder son of the late
Henry William Britton, of " Caer Brito," Ashley Hill, Bristol, by his
wife, Hannah Canter, daughter and sole heir of the late Benjamin
Poole, of Summerhill House, St. George's, near Bristol.
He was educated at Manila Hall School, Clifton, and elected
to follow the legal profession. Passing his Final Examination with
honours, he was admitted a Solicitor of the Supreme Court in the year
1886 and has since practised in London. He is on the Commission of
the Peace for the County of Middlesex and is Under Sheriff for the
County, 1906-7. He was formerly Captain 1st V. B. Royal Fusiliers,
and subsequently Captain, 3rd Batt. Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers.
In other directions Mi*. Carlyon-Britton has been no less active,
his sympathies being largely directed to Antiquarian matters. He is a
Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London and of The Royal
Society of Antiquaries (Ireland), and is also a Fellow of the Royal
Numismatic Society. Considering that the last mentioned Society did
not devote sufficient attention to Numismatic matters of an essentially
British nature, he himself, with the co-operation of Mr. W. J.
Andrew, F.S.A., and Mr. L. A. Lawrence, F.R C.S., founded in 1903
the British Numismatic Society, of which he was unanimously elected
President, a position he has since continued to hold. This latter
Society under his energetic care has in puint of membership and
otherwise long surpassed the older organization.
In politics he is a Conservative and has taken a very active part
in the Parliamentary organization in Middlesex.
He married 8th September, 1886, Agnes Cassandra, daughter
of the late Charles Alfred Carlyon, B.A., of Quemerford, co. Wilts,
and Kirby Muxloe, co. Leicester, a member of an ancient Cornish
family. Mrs. Carlyon-Britton is twenty-first in descent from King
Edward III., tracing back to her Plantagenet ancestors through the
families of Winstanley, Prideaux of Netherton, Grenville, St. Leger,
MKS. CARLYON-BKITTON.
Neville, Staftord, Percy, and Mortimer. She has also many other
lines of descent from Edward III. and earlier Kinsrs.
By License under the Royal Sis^n Manual, dated 29th April,
1897, Mr. Carlyon-Britton was permitted to assume the name of
Carlyon in addition to his own name and to quarter the Arms of
Carlyon with those of Britton.
Of the above mentioned marriage there has been issue three
sons and one daughter, the eldest son being Winstanley Carlyon-
Britton, born 26th July, 1887, and educated at Harrow. He is a
Lieutenant 1st V.B. The Royal Fusiliers, while the second son, Henry
Courtney Carlyon-Britton is a Royal Naval Cadet (Cadet Captain,
1906).
The London residence of Mr. Carlyon-Britton is 14, Oakwood
Court, Kensington.
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^■mSMSi^i
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F
GEORGE W. BARBER, Esq., J.P.
George William Barber, esq*, 3,p.
hH
|F according to the old proverb, those nations are the happiest
which have no history, may it not be stated with greater
truth that those Hves are happiest whose records are least
full of incident ? Each man seeks his own enjoyment after
his particular fashion. But to have been an actor in great events, to
have known many men and cities, does not necessarily add much to
the sum of human happiness. Anyway, Mr. George William Barber,
albeit an active public man, has not sought to make his life eventful
by noisy self-advertisement or popularity hunting. Quietly, but
earnestly, he has done invaluable work for his County, with the result
that he is known and widely respected as a man of sterling qualities
and sound views.
The eldest son of the late George Henley Barber, Esq., J.P.,
CO., of The Elms, Hounslow, and Julia Sophia, daughter of the late
James Shoolbred, Esq., of The Elms, Acton, Mr. G. W. Barber was
born on the 16th October, 1858, at Stanley House, Addison Road, W.,
and received his early education at Uppingham School.
All his life Mr. Bai'ber has believed thoroughly in the gospel
of hard work, and both as a Justice of the Pence for JSIiddlesex and as
a member of the County Council, on which he sits for the Hounslow
Division, he has never spared or begrudged a minute in helping to
further the best interests of Middlesex, and no one will deny that in
these capacities he has rendered very substantial services to the
County. He has always given of his time and his abilities freely and
cheerfully, and has certainly discharged his duties most thoroughly
and faithfully.
In politics INIr. Barber is a staunch Conservative. As Chairman
of the Council of the Central Conservative Association for the Brent-
ford Division of Middlesex, and also as Chairman of the Hounslow
Conservative Association, he is a well known and always popular
speaker at the gatherings of the Party in those districts, for he has
stedfastly shown that he is always ready to serve the Cause with his
voice, as well as with his vote.
Mr. Barber is a thoroughly practical politician and does not
believe in deluding the poor working man's fancy with golden visions
far more impossible of realization than was Robert Owen's " New
Harmony," More's '* Utopia," or J)r Johnson's "Hapjjy Valley." In
politics, as in everything else, Mr. Barber prefers as far as possible the
concret(% and turns aside from everything opposed to common sense.
It must not, however, be thought that he is indifferent to the
interests of the working classes, for no one is more desirous than he to
brighten their prospects and increase their comforts. The genuineness
of his desires in this respect he has often proved by his work for their
welfare as a Middlesex County Councillor.
Mr. Barber having performed during many years so much
sound political work for his Party, and being himself an attractive
personality in political circles, it is not surprising that, whatever his
own wishes on the subject may be, his numerous friends would find
genuine and permanent pleasure in witnessing him one day consenting
to lend his great energy and ability to a wider sphere of usefulness on
behalf of his Party by going to St. Stephen's, if not as the representa-
tive of Brentford, perhaps of some other constituency. The first
difficulty is in })ersuading Mr. Barber on the point and of breaking-
down his reserve in the matter.
Himself a keen sportsman, being particularly fond of shooting,
he attaches great importance to the encouragement amongst the rising-
generation of all manly outdoor exercises. He believes in all young-
people being brought up with a zest for healthy, honourable sport, and
this fact accounts for Mr. Barber's enthusiastic support always
willingly accorded to local movements in his own district for the
success and furtherance of athletic games.
Mr. Barber, who is unmarried, resides at Park House,
Englefield Green. His clubs are the Junior Carlton, St. Stephen's
and the City Carlton.
Arthur PpcSmitl), €sq., 3.p., fli.l.C.e.
JNE of the members of the Highgatc Bench of Justices is
Arthur Pye-Smith, Esq., of 6, The Grove, Highgate. He
was born in 1845 in BilHter Square and was educated at
Amersham Hill, where among his schoolfellows were Mr.
Augustine Birrell and Lord Justice Cozens-Hardy.
Ml-. Pye-Smith took up the profession of a Civil Engineer and
subsequently spent some three years on official service for the British
Government in Bombay. Since 1875 he has been a partner and
Director of the St. Pancras Iron Works.
In politics Mr. Pye-Smith is a Liberal Unionist with strong
Free Trade views, and from 1886 up to its dissolution in 1905 he was
Chairman of the St. Pancras Liberal Unionist Association. He has
been active as a Free Churchman and was Chairman of the London
Consfreo'ational Union in 1896.
Mr. Pye-Smith does not i)lay golf, but in his earlier years was
an enthusiastic cricketer. To-day his favourite recreation is cycling.
He is fond of books and pictures, and although he would not describe
himself as in anyway a collector, his bachelor residence holds many
literary and artistic treasures, including some of the very earliest
examples of printing and some fine Elzevirs.
He is a member of tlie Savile and National Liberal Clubs.
ntw Countp fliderman fieorfle WrisM, 3.p.
E. GEORGE WRIGHT, of the Manor Lodge, East Acton
is a member of an old SuflFolk family, but he has lived in
Acton for nearly forty years, and few men have identified
themselves more closely than he has with the parish and the
County of their adoption. He was the founder of the firm of George
Wright and Co., the great billiard table makers, and though it is many
years since he severed his connection with it, the name remains
unchanged. Brickmaking has, however, been the real business of his
life, and it is perhaps natural that it should have been so, for his
famil}' for five generations have been making the famous Suffolk white
bricks. His first " field " was at Acton Vale, where for a very long
period bricks were made in large quantities, and he has now fields
at Edmonton, Bracknell, and Tolworth, with a depot at Acton. His
business has always been on a very large scale and he never neglects it,
but he has the enviable knack of getting through work quickly and
this, combined with rich powers of organisation, has enabled him to
devote a gi'eat share of his time to public afftiirs.
For nineteen years he was a member of the Acton Local
Authority and four years its Chairman. It was during this period
that the foundations of modei^n Acton were laid, and it was partly due
to his ability and knowledge that they were so " well and truly " laid.
The growth of his county and magisterial work at last compelled him
to retire from the District Council, but he remains keenly and
sympathetically interested in the doings of that body.
When the Middlesex County Council was formed he was elected
as one of the two representatives of Acton, and he was re-elected again
and again until, seven years ago, he was appointed a County Alderman
— a position of greater honour and independence, but certainly not of
less responsibility. While County Councillor for Acton he had very
much to do with carrying through the High Street widening scheme
which was undertaken by the local authority with the support of the
County Council. He was one of the pioneers of the movement which
resulted in the Alexandra Palace and Park being acquired for public
purposes, and he is now a member of the Board of Trustees which has
the management of the place. He is also Chairman of the County
General Pui-poses Committee, and an active member of several others.
In 1893 he was placed on the Commission of the Peace for the
County and was attached to the Willesden Division, of which he
became chairman two years ago. He has always taken a great interest
in his magisterial work, and it was largely due to him ihat a year or
two ago the Home Secretary severed the parishes of Acton and
Chiswick from the West London Police (Jourt district, and added
them for all police and petty sessional court purposes to the Willesden
Division of Middlesex. Acton and Chiswick were at the same time
given their own police courts — a change which local residents regarded
as very much for the better.
In politics Mr. Wright is a staunch Conservative, and he has
rendered many and great services to his party. It was he, who, when
Acton Priory was in danger of demolition, bought the place and
established the Priory Constitutional Club, of which he became and
remains Chairman. He is also Chairman of the Acton Conservative
Club, of the Acton Conservative Association, and of the Central
Conservative Council for the Ealing Division, In the trying time
through which the Party passed when Lord George Hamilton retired
from the Government, and ultimately from the representation of the
division, Mr. Wright's tact and the confidence universally reposed in
him held the party together. There were a few defections, but there
was never anything like a split, and at the General Election, when the
Liberals captured a majority of the Middlesex seats, Mr. Wright had
the satisfaction of seeing the Unionist Candidate for the Ealing
Division returned by a majority of over twelve hundred.
Mr. Wright's sports are golf and motoring. He was the
founder and is popularly known as the "father" of the Acton Golf Club
— whose fine course is laid out on land in his occupation, and he has
quite recently secured thirty acres more land in order that the course
may be further extended and improved. He uses a motor in his
business, but he employs it for pleasure also, and his annual holiday
usually takes the form of a motor-golf and shooting tour.
Young as public men go, strong, full of life and energy, Mr.
Wright looks good for another quarter-century of useful public work,
and it is, at any rate, safe to say that it will not hd his fault if his
remaining years, be they few or many, are not as full of occupation as
those that are past.
MR. & MRS. W. J. COLLINS & FAMILY,
At Rookfield.
W. 3. Collins, esq.
|T is a trite saying that no Nation can be permanenth'
prosperous if deprived of a well sustained birthrate. To
pursue this thought for only a minute or two will suffice to
remind the world that, given a constantly increasing com-
munity, there can be no public wellbeing unless, from some direction or
another, enterprise is forthcoming to provide necessary habitations for
an ever growing' population.
Particularly in London is it important that this fact should be
recognised. The Metropolis is expanding annually to an extent the
significance of ^^hich is frequently overlooked in these days when almost
every section of the business world is engrossed with its own affi^irs.
Think what it means that the development of London is
equivalent to the whole of Birmingham being annually dropped into
our midst.
It is in many circles fashionable to allude only with sharp
criticism and with caustic reservation to the business operations of
those whose zeal renders it possible for the people of London to be
housed.
Is it necessary, in order fairly to recognise the value of such
large building estates as Mr. W. J. Collins has successfully carried
through, to suggest what the extreme alternative would mean ?
Suppose private building enterprise were entirely abandoned around
London for a few years, where would the vast new population
constantly growing up into manhood find satisfactory homes ?
The great point, of course, is that a Nation should be housed
in compliance with the beneficial laws of sanitation and with an
increasing appreciation of the inexpensive but refining luxuries of
homelife.
In this work dealing with the present day History of
Middlesex, we have therefore selected one (and only one) Representa-
tive of the building industry in North London.
During the past twenty years Mr. W. J. Collins, of "Eookfield,"
Muswell Hill, hss built large portions of Stroud Green, Crouch End,
and Muswell Hill, and his work is typical of what can be accomplished
by a sound Builder who is also a sound man of affairs. If in every part
of Middlesex new homes for the future generation were always
constructed on his lines, they would remain as permanent and excellent
evidence of what private enterp)rise on an extensive scale can carry
out.
Outside his very large business undertakings, Mr. Collins
enjoys keenly the social and recreative side of life, both at Muswell Hill
and at his seaside retreat in the Isle of Wight. He and Mrs. Collins
are also well known as earnest supporters of the Baptist cause in North
London, and from time to time their beautiful grounds become the
rendezvous of social gatherings for the promotion of the Church in
whose welfare they take such a deep interest.
Colonel 6eorse Brodie Clark*
Clerk to the Justices of the Brentford Petty Sessional
Division of the County since 1869, Colonel G. B. Clark has
acquired a well-founded reputation for being a genial and
capable official. The soundness of the guidance he gives
in adniinistrrttive matters is apparent from the fact that since his
appointment there have been but few successful appeals from the
niao-isterial decisions at the Brentford Police Court.
Colonel G. B. Clark is the second son of the late Mr. J. J.
Clark, whose family became connected with Brentford so long ago as
1793. Mr. J. J. Clark, who was also Clerk to the Justices of the
Division, occupied the residence at Brentford End known as Syon Park
House and famous for being formerly the school where Shelley was
educated under the drastic rule of Dr. Greenlaw. In this house
Colonel Clark was born.
Being intended for the Navy, he was educated at the late Mr.
Irving's school at Drayton Green, near Ealing. But owing to the
death of his elder brother, Colonel Clark decided to adopt the legal
profession in lieu of the sea service. Having obtained his articles, he
entered into partnership with the late Mr. W. Ruston, whose sons are
now meuibers of the hrni of Ruston, Clark, and Ruston of Brentford.
In 1869 Colonel Clark was appointed, with Mr. Ruston, as
joint clerks to the Justices and on the death of his colleague in 1884
he became sole Clerk, which post he has since held with such signal
credit,
Besides holding this office, the Colonel is also Clerk to the
Commissioners of Taxes and Clerk to the Burial Board of New
Brentford.
Although prevented by family reasons from serving his Country
at sea, Colonel Clark has devoted much strenuous effort to the
Volunteer cause. As a youth, in 1830, he joined the 16th Middlesex
R.V. then formed under the command of the late Colonel Gosling
Murray of Whitton Park, being promoted shortly after to the rank of
Colour Sergeant of the Brentford Company and then receiving a
commission as Ensign. In 1862 he was advanced to the rank of
Lieutenant and on the death in 1864 of Captain Cooper, his Company
Officer, he was promoted to the vacancy. Colonel Clark held the rank
of Captain until 1875, when he became Senior Major in the corps
which was then known as the 7th Administrative Battalion R.V.
In 1882 the designation of the corps was again changed to the
8th Middlesex R.V., the Commanding Officer being the late Sir
Francis Burdett, Bart., formerly of the 17th Lancers.
On the resignation of Colonel Sir Francis Burdett in 1884,
Colonel Clark was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and
took over the command of the Battalion, which he retained until 1895.
Under the territorial system the name had been once more changed,
in 1886, to that of the 2ud Volunteer BattaUon the Duke of
Cambridge's Own (Middlesex Regiment.)
During his command of the Battalion, Colonel Clark was one of
the first Volunteer Officers to earn the long service decoration for
twenty-five years' service, receiving his award from the hands of the
late Duke of Cambridge, then Commander-in-Chief, at the Horse
Guards' Parade in 1885, and in the same year he was granted the
rank of Hon. Colonel.
On relinquishing the command of the Battalion in 1895, Colonel
Clark was appointed Honorary Colonel of the corps, which honour he
held until 1906, when he resigned in flavour of Colonel H. Bott, who
was then giving up command of the Battalion.
The activities of Colonel Clark have not been confined merely
to his official and volunteering duties. In 1868 he raised and
organised the Brentford Volunteer Fire Brigade and was appointed
Superintendent by the Committee of wliich the late Colonel Stracey
Clitherow, of the Scots Guards, an old Crimean officer, was Chairman.
In 1884 Colonel Clark gave up tliis appointment on taking ovef
command of the Volunteer Battalion; but on the death of Major K. R.
Montgomery, his successor, in 1893, he resumed the post at the request
of the local authority, and still retains the supervision of the Brigade,
which is now a paid force.
Colonel Clark also in 1882 re-organised the Volunteer Fire
Brigeade at Isleworth, of which he was superintendent until 1884.
Of public administrative work Colonel Clark has also done his
share, having served continuously for fifteen years on the Heston and
Isleworth Local Board and District Council, from which he retired in
1898.
Despite the many calls made on his time by the various duties
referred to above, Colonel Clark has managed to devote some of his
leisure to athletic and field sports, he being an enthusiast where all
manly recreations are concerned. In his younger days the Colonel was
much devoted to the practice of the noble art of self defence, one of
his earliest tutors therein having been Xat Langham, a notable figure
in his day and the only man who was able to boast that he bad beaten
the famous Tom Sayers.
Although past the period of active military duties and athletic
prowess, (Jolonel Clark still evinces the liveliest interest in the doings
of his old Battalion, and renders all the service he possibly can to
promoting the cult of the rifle and all forms of healthy recreation.
Cb« R«o. W. €. Oliocr, ££.D., Vicar of ealing.
HH
NORTH countryman by birth, and has had thirty-three
years of residence in the South of England, the Vicar of
Ealing has naturally wide sympathies, a broad outlook,
and a many-sided character. His rhetoric is remarkable
in its richness of phrasing and imagery, in organisation and the
management of affairs he has the caution of a Northerner, while the
suavity of his address is distinctly Southern.
Dr. Oliver was born at Liverpool in 1849. He took his degrees
at Dublin University— B. A., and LL.B. in 1873, and LL D. in 1880.
In 1872 he was admitted to deacon's orders in the Church of England
by Dr. Mackarness, then Bishop of Oxford, and was ordained priest in
the following year. His first curacy was at Horton, Bucks., where
Milton's mother lies buried, and he remained there for two years
(1872-4). There followed short periods of service at Upton-cum-
Chalvey, Slough (1874-6), Lee, Kent (1876-8), and Southall,
Middlesex (1878-9).
In 1879 he became Senior Curate and Clerk in Orders at
St. Pancras, and there he spent seven years. It was a large and
difficult parish, with a population of 20,000, rangin* from the well-to-do
residents of the " squares " in the south to the denizens of the slums in
the north, and if the magnitude of the work to be done, almost appalled
, the new senior curate, the variety of it had a compensating charm.
In the pulpit and in the street — as preacher and as parish priest — Dr.
Oliver soon made his personality felt and gained the confidence and
liking of all classes of the j)arishioners.
It was at St. Pancras that he established the first of the Self-
Help Societies, of which there are now nearly twenty in the diocese.
The story of its genesis is interesting. In the terrible winter of 1885
there was great distress in St. Pancras, and money was spent freely in
relieving it. But when all had been done that could be done, there
remained the depressing fact that no permanent improvement had been
effected in the condition of the people. " Let us," said the Senior
Curate, " call a meeting of the people themselves, and see if they can
tell us how we can help them." The meeting was called. There was
much wild and rambling talk, but no practical suggestion was offered
until an old man rose and said, " Wot we wants is to be able to lay
hold of five bob when we wants it." He was a hawker, it appeared,
and he could usually turn five shillings into ten. The difficulty in bad
times was to find the first " five bob."
The idea " gave furiously to think," and the outcome of much
thought was the formation of the St. Pancras Self-Help Society. As
a bank the society received the savings of its members ; as a loan
society, it came to their assistance when they were in temporary need
of money. A member could borrow only on the security of the
deposits of fellow members who were prepared to stand as security for
him ; he could not default without robbing them ! In practice, it has been
found by this and other societies established on the same lines that the
guarantors are seldom called upon ; and incalculable good has been
done in encouraging thrift, in tiding members over periods of distress
or misfortune, and in enabling men to start in business for themselves.
In St. Pancras the members' subscriptions in twenty years have
totalled £25,449, the amount lent has been £41,293, and the amount
lost through death or other causes is under £6 !
In 1886 Dr. Oliver became Vicar of Ealing in succession to the
Rev. E. W. Helton. The parish, already a large one, was destined to
develop into one of the most populous and important on the western
fringe of London, and the task of keeping pace with its growth has
afibrded plenty of scope for the Vicar's talents and energies. In
twenty years much has been done. In the civil parish of Ealing four
new permanent churches have been built, and one is now in course of
erection. In these developments Dr. Oliver has played the part that
belongs to his office, but it is with the ecclesiastical parish of St.
Mary's (which is the ancient parish church) that he has been most
intimately concerned. Here, the old church has been beautified and a
lych gate added ; a block of " Church Homes " has been built at a
cost of £3,636 ; anew vicarage has been erected at an expense of
£3,840 ; All Saints' Church — one of the most beautiful in the diocese
— has been built in memory of the Rt. Hon. Spencer Perceval, Prime
Minister of England from 1809-12 ; and a Mission Hall and
Institute has been provided for South Ealing. The parochial schools
have been enlarged and improved, agencies innumerable for the spiritual
and material good of the parishioners have been created. In all these
activities the Vicar has had devoted assistants in his assistant clergy
and lay workers ; but in all matters of moment he has supplied the
driving force and the directing mind. A " Twenty Years' Retrospect,"
which has just been published, records the fact that during the period
under review the amount collected and distributed in the ))arish
is over £81,000. " Figures talk," and these are eloquent — Summary,
1886-1906 : Number of sermons preached by the Vicar, 1650 ;
communicants, 98,823; marriages, 636; baptisms, 2,043; burials,
1,135 ; coins in offertories, 931,885.
In the municipal life of the borough the Vicar has always
been keenly interested and he has been an active and able supporter of
the policy of wise and well-ordered progress which has been pursued
by the local authorities ; but in local as well as national politics he
regards the setting forth of high ideals as the chief business of the
Clergy.
THE EEV. W. 0. HOWELL, M.A.
Cfte Rei). William Charles t>om\l m.}\.
IREATNESS is the dream of many and the reaUzation of
few. Like the spot where the rainbow touches the ground,
it is nearly always one field ahead. Yet if a man does not
achieve the intense satisfaction of gaining fame during his
lifetime, surely the next best thing to so doing is to win the esteem and
respect of others ; and that as a result of a consistent endeavour to
spend his life in striving to be of real use in the world.
A life of assiduous and arduous work for the benefit of others
has been that spent by the Rev. William Charles Howell, M.A., who
was for forty years Vicar of Holy Trinity, Tottenham, and who upon
leaving the district after some fifty years passed within its borders had
the proud consciousness that while he left many friends he had not a
single enemy, and this not because he had refrained from approaching
the vortex of public life, but because while ever striving to help with
matters of public import, he was known to always have the courage of
his opinions, the vigorous expression of his thoughts being ever
tempered by his breadth of view and the kindly manner which^ had so
great an influence during his long work in Tottenham in making him
revered and admired by all who came into contact with him.
Througliout the whole of his work in Tottenham, the Rev. W.
C. Howell always evinced a very warm interest in the welfare of the
working classes, whose sympathy and respect he enjoyed, and in a quiet
way, without any great parade, he preserved the true status of his high
office, finding the fulfihnent of the Church's mission in tlie promotion
of general happiness, in encouraging right sentiments respecting human
brotherhood, as well as in the propagation of those principles on which
he relies for vanquishing mortal and eternal grief.
Upon leaving Brasenose College, Oxford, where he graduated in
Honours in the First Class in Mathematics and Physics in 1840, the
Rev. W. C. Howell was ordained in 1842, having his first curacy at
(Jxbridge. In 1850 he went as Curate to the parish church of All
Hallows, Tottenham, a church which has many ancient associations.
From early records it is shown that it was given between 1135 and
1153 by David Bruce of Scotland to the Canons of the Holy Trinity,
London, while Henry VIII. gave the rectory and parish of Tottenliam
to the Cathedral of St. Paul's, in the gift of the jlean and Chapter of
which the living still remains.
The first Vicar of Tottenham of whom there are records is
Robert de Burton, who was incumbent in 1327, and to the Rev. W. C.
Howell is due the uneafthintr of the fact that Dr. Bedwell, a foi-mer
Vicar of the parish, and one of the translators of the Authorised
Vei'sion of the Holy Scriptures, was employed in writing out the
minutes of the Council of Trent. The vestry, or saints', bell belonging
to All Hallows and which was given to the parish by Humphrey
Jackson, Esq., F.R.S., in 1801, was formerly the alarm bell of the
garrison of Quebec, and was taken at the siege of that place in 1759
by General Townsend. It bears the date 1663.
When Mr. Howell first came to Tottenham, the living of Ail
Hallows was held by the Rev. Thomas Newcome, a non-resident
Vicar who had another living in Hertfordshire. Upon his death, in
1851, he was succeeded by the Rev. Mr. Hall, a minor Canon of
St. Paul's.
In 1865 Mr. Howell was preferred to the living of Holy
Trinity, a parish which was formed out of All Hallows. The church,
which was conseci'ated May 26th, 1830, was erected from the designs
of Mr. Savage, and was built at a cost of about £5,000. This was the
first ecclesiastical partition which occurred in Tottenham, and it proved
to be the forerunner of tremendous changes.
There are few clergymen who can claim to have been more
intimately acquainted with the altered conditions of life around outer
London during the latter half of the nineteenth century than the Rev.
W. C. Howell. When he first came to Tottenham it was a eharminf,'
rural retreat from London, being mainly inhabited by the well-to-do,
who found there the quiet and' rest they were denied in the City.
These members of the wealthy and cultured classes lived in commodious,
old-fashioned residences, and in most parts of the district delightful
sylvan views were to be enjoyed.
But by the time Mr. Howell left Tottenham in 1904 a complete
change had come over the place. Serried streets of houses had sprung
up ; a huge working class population had arrived and crowds of
London poor, ousted from the more squalid parts of the City, had
migrated into the parish. Simultaneously, an exodus had taken place
of the old-established families from the district.
So far-reaching were the changes brought about, that four times
during Mr. Howell's vicariate of Holy Trinity he was instrumental in
yielding up portions of his parisli and assisting in the creation of four
entirely new ecclesiastical districts necessitated by the constantly
increasing needs of the new population incessantly surging into
Tottenham.
But notwithstanding these surrenders, when Mr. Howell left
Holy Trinity in 1904, the parish contained then a larger population
than he found there in 1865.
When he first arrived in Tottenham, Holy Trinity parish
occupied about a square mile of area. Some four or five years before
Mr. Howell became Vicar, a slice was cut off Holy Trinity for the
making of St. Ann's parish. At that time, the neighbourhood of
Stamford Hill was a particularly select one, the Church folk including
a number of people who could afford to keep carriages. Thus St.
Ann's started its career as a separate parish being regarded as the
wealthy ecclesiastical district. But how times have changed ! St.
Ann's is to-day known as one of the poorest and most crowded parts of
Tottenham. The four districts which were partly formed from Holy
Trinity during Mr. Howell's incumbency are those of Christchurch,
St. Mary's, St. Peter's, and St. Philip the Apostle, and^ at the time
this volume is going to press the permanent church of St. Philip the
Apostle, in Philip Lane, is being completed in a district which Mr.
Howell well remembers as being entirely composed of fields.
Of course, the cutting off of each portion of the parish adds
considerably to the anxieties of a parish priest, because it means the
loss of church workers, as well as of church revenue. But Mr.
Howell is a born organiser, and each time he quicklj' gathered together
his forces and saw to it tliat the temporary depletion was quickly
turned into a source of strength and that the health and power of
the mother parish were improved rather than weakened by the
change.
Realizing keenly that the future of the Church depends
absolutely upon the training of the j^oung, the Rev. W. C. Howell was
always assiduous in the cause of public elementary education, paying
careful attention to the needs and necessities of the children. For
twentyfive years he carried on three day schools in connection with
his parish and with the suppcrt of local church people. So staunchly
-was he upheld that he always managed to keep the finances of the
schools perfectly straight, although in chatting over these reminiscences,
he smilingly recalled the fact that on one occasion their balance in
hand diminished to the low figure of sevenpence. Their expenses were
always heavy, for in those days, amongst other things, they had to pay
i20 a year rent for the school at Willow Walk.
When the School Boards came into existence, Mr. Howell saw
in the new regime fresh incentive to further efforts He was a member
of the first Tottenham School Board and retained his seat for eighteen
years, during which time he was practically the vice-chairman of the
Board. In the course of those busy years, owing to the rapid
growth of the district and its then union with Wood Green for
elementary educational purposes, the detail involved in the duties of
this position were very heavy indeed. Many and many a late evening-
had to be devoted to Committee and Board work and throughout this
long spell Mr. Howell stuck valiantly to his task, ev"er keenly alert to
see that the best interests of the children were insured, and always
acting with a broad, impartial mind for the welfare of all the scholars
and of no one particular class.
But it was not only in matters of elementary education that
Mr. Howell proved a vigilant and ever watchful guide, for he is also
one of the Governors, at present the oldest surviving Life Governor
(we are writing in August, 1906), of the Tottenham Grammar School,
having been continuously in office since 1873. This Grammar School,
of which the original founding is lost in obscurity, was enlarged and
endowed under the will, dated May 17th, 1686, of Sarah, Dowager
Duchess of Somerset, who married on the decease of the Duke in 1675,
Henry, Lord Coleraine, whose famil^^ were at one time owners of
Bruce Castle, Tottenham.
The Rev. W. C. Howell would be one of the first to admit that
during his work at Tottenham he was always well supfjorted by kind
and sympathetic helpers. Amongst them were the various members of
the Howard family, with whom he always found it a keen ])leasure to
co-opei'ate. Originally he was brought into frequent touch with Mr.
Joseph Howard's grandfather, next with his father, and afterwards
with Mr. Joseph Howard himself. Mr. Howell speaks with ardent
admiration and I'espect of the character and local loyalty of the
Howard family.
Throughout many generations they were the best friends of
Tottenham. Mr. Joseph Howard's grandfather, Mr. Luke Howard,
who lived in The Grove, displayed a splendid gift and ability in the
study of meteorology, and his work on " The Climate of London " is
and will remain a standard authorit}^ on the subject. When the
Tottenham public library was opened, Mr. Howell had the pleasure
of presenting a cojjy of the book to that institution.
Another member of the Howard lamily, Mr. David Howard, is
a gentleman of note in Essex, and he, like all his kin, Mr. Howell
remembers as being remarkable for his great benevolence and generous
support of religion. Mr. Joseph Howard, in his turn, has always been
a staunch supporter of the Church and its allied organisations, and has
constantly shown his readiness to do his utmost to augment the eftbrts
of his colleagues on any public body, whether educational or
philanthropic.
In 1904, having devoted a long and strenuous life to the service
of the Church, Mr. Howell found that failing eyesight compelled him
to resign his living and abandon active work as a parish priest. When
his decision was announced to his parishioners, eloquent evidence was
found of the manner in which he had won all hearts, not onlv of
members of his own congregation, but of those professing other creeds
than his, and who, though often opposed to Mr. Howell in matters of
public policy, recognised and admired his virile advocacy of the
courses which his own convictions forced him to uphold.
Few more impressive gatherings have ever taken place in
Tottenham than that which assembled at the Green School, Somerset
Koad, on October 6th, 1904, to give public testimony to the admiration
felt for one who had worked so splendidly in their midst and to express
the grief occasioned by the unavoidable separation.
Mr. Joseph Howard, who was then the Member of Parliament
for the Tottenham Division of the County, presided, and every section
of the community \\as well represented in the assembly, which included
representatives from other churches and chapels in the neighbourhood.
Indeed, one of the most eloquent testimonies to Mr. Howell's
magnificent work voiced during the evening, came from the Roman
Catholic priest of Tottenham.
Another striking tribute to Mr. Howell's worth was made by
the Rev. Prebendary Hobson, Rural Dean, who, in speaking of Mr.
Howell's work, said — " When I first came to Tottenham, Mr. Howell
was a fine old English gentleman, and he is a little older, a little finer,
and no less a gentleman now."
In presenting to Mr. Howell the cheque for one hundred guineas
and the illuminated album containing the names of the subscribers,
which was tangible proof of the esteem and aftection felt for him, Mr.
Joseph Howard said that they all regretted losing Mr. Howell. He
had been with them a long time, fiist as Curate at the parish churcli,
and then for nearly forty years as Vicar of Holy Trinity. They knew
how well he had occupied that position, and were glad of an
opportunity for showing their respect and regard for him. Tliey had
known him in various capacities — as a fine old English gentleman ; as
a scholar of great erudition ; as a man who had occupied various
public positions with great credit to himself and advantage to the
parish and, above all, as a Minister of the Christian religion. He had
devoted himself manfully to the services of the (Jhurch and the welfare
of the people, especially the children. They all hoped he would be
spared many years to enjoy the leisure which he had earned so well
and that he would be enabled to devote himself to those pursuits in
which he was so much interested.
The address which was presented to Mr. Howell, read as
follows : —
Address presented to the Eev. W. C. Howell, M.A., Oxen., on the occasion
of his retirement from the incumbency of Holy Trinity, Tottenham, together
with a cheque for one hundred guineas from the parishioners of Tottenham and
the congregation of Holy Trinity. The address is presented to the Eev. W. C.
Howell, MA , Vicar, by some of his many friends in testimony of their admiration
of his great and varied talents and in loving appreciation of the genial and
amiable disposition he has consistently manifested during his ministry for more
than half a century amongst them.
Tottenham, 6th October, 1904.
In the course of his speech of thanks the Rev. W. C. Howell
referred to the intellectual pursuits in which he hoped to interest
himself in his new home. In making a passing mention of some of the
work which he had already achieved, he spoke of the task which he
had undertaken with other members of the Gilbert Clulj, of translating
the famous De Magnets of William Gilbert, of Colchester, the father of
the science of electricity and physician to Queen Elizabeth. After
years of labour this translation was completed and the work published
in 1900.
At a previous meeting, the girls of the Green School, a few old
scholars and the teachers presented Mr. Howell with an easy chair
with double leg rest action, while another evidence of the fixr-reaching
nature of his work was seen when some twenty deaf and dumb adults
of North London whose afflictions he had earnestly endeavoured to
alleviate, asked his acceptance of a silver entree dish. Other reminders
which Mr. Howell possesses of the place his earnest work forged for
him in the hearts of those to whom he ministered so long and so truly,
are a walking stick mounted in ivory and silver, which was given him
by the members of the Choir ; a wooden porringer mounted in silver,
with silver spoon, from the boys of the Sunday School, and a
Georo'e III. silver tankard from the members of the Mothers' Meeting.
For some years Mr. Howell has been a member of and an
attendant at the meetings of the British Association for the
Advancement of Science, besides having been for a long period a
member of and contributor to the proceedings of tlie Bristol and
Gloucestershire Archaeological Society and the Essex Field Club, of the
Council of which latter he is also a member. Not content with merely
gathering up knowledge for his own use, Mr. Howell, during the course
of his long ministry, delivered many series of lectures in Jiis own parish,
as well as in other places in England and also on the Continent, on
Ecclesiastical, Astronomical, Archaeological and other scientific
subjects. These lectures were illustrated by experiments and diagrams,
Mr. Howell's aim always being to trace as far as possible the Power,
Wisdom, and Goodness of the Creator in the works of Nature.
From the above brief notice of a life spent in doing good to
others it will be seen that ]\Ir, Howell has well won the peaceful
retirement in Regent's Park Road, where he now lives with his family.
In Tottenham the loving tribute which always follows the mention of
his name shows that he has indeed gained the reward of a patient
endeavour to be guided ever by the spirit expressed in George
Herbert's lines : —
Be useful where thou livesfc, that they may
Both want and wish thy pleasing presence still.
Kindness, good part, great patience are the way
To compass this. Find out men's wants and will,
And meet them there. All worldly joys grow less
To the one joy of doing kindlinesses.
DR. BUTLEE-HOGAN, LL.B,, D.P.H.
Dr. J. F. ButkrBoflati, CC.B., D.p.P., etc.
H^
MAN of one supreme ambition, and that to see the Nation
healthy, is Dr. John Francis Butler-Hogan, Tottenham's
vigilant and skilful Medical Officer of Health. Born in
Dublin, August 24th, 1864, Dr. Butler-Hogan is in the
prime of life, and but a very brief glance at his numerous achievements
suffices to show that from his student days he has been a vigorous and
successful brain worker. He took his B.A. degree at the Royal
University of Ireland in 1887, and later secured a travelling scholarship
which gave him the inestimable advantages of studying in the chief
medical centres of Great Britain and Europe.
Dr. Butler-Hogan became a Licentiate of the Faculty of
Physicians and Surgeons (Glasgow) in 1889 ; Diplomate of Public
Health (Cambridge) 1893 and took his M.D. degree in Brussels in
1894, in addition to being a Licentiate of the Royal College of
Physicians and a Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons
(Edinburgh), of which latter he was Hygiene Exhibitioner. He is
also a Surg.-Lieutenant of the Volunteer Medical Statf Corps, a
Fellow of the Royal Institute of Public Health, a Member of the
British Medical Association, the Royal Sanitary Institution, the
Society of the Incorporated Medical Officers of Health and of the
Association of the Medical Officers of Schools.
But not content merely with laurels won in the realms of
Medicine, Dr. Butler-Hogan has also turned his attention to the Law.
He was Exhibitioner in Jurisprudence at Queen's College, Cork, and
gained his LL.D. degree in 1904, and in the following year was
admitted a Barrister at Gray's Inn ; thus ranking with the
comparatively few men who have qualified as distinguished members
of the two learned professions.
^ At the close of his student days, Dr. Butler-Hogan first settled
down in private practice at Ley ton, Essex, where he was appointed
School Medical Officer. In March, 1902, he came to Tottenham to
take up the onerous duties of Medical Officer of Health for that very
large and rapidly growing district. How greatly the residents therein
are increasing may be seen from the fact that at the Census of 1891
the population was 71,343 souls, while in April, 1901, it had increased
to 102,531. In Midsummer, 1905, it was estimated that the population
of Tottenham amounted to 124,126 persons.
From the first it was evident that in Dr. Butler-Hogan
Tottenham had secured as its Medical Officer a man who honoured his
profession and was determined to do his utmost to achieve for the
public the best possible results. As practical proof of the efficacy of
those of his views which he has been successful in having enforced
upon the public of the district, it is interesting to note that since his
appointment the infantile deathrate has been decreased by thirty in the
thousand, as compared with what it was at the time of his arrival in
Tottenham. This improvement is remarkable and it does not require
a very reflective mind to realize that there must be a very genuine
connection between this fact and the thoroughness of the care and
supervision exercised by Dr. Butler-Hogan as the chief Medical Officer
of the district.
A subject to which Dr. Butler-Hogan has devoted an immense
amount of attention and careful study is the oft-mentioned j^hysical
deterioration of the Nation. Although he does not join hands with
the pessimists in thinking that this deterioration is inevitable, he
admits that its existence is undeniable, proof of it being furnished by
the statistics regarding recruits, and the reports of the head masters of
our great public schools, whilst numerous printed records show that
abnormal humanity in all its phases is continually increasing — in other
words, that the number of degenerates is growing larger with each
succeeding year, as is evidenced by the increased proportion of
criminals, tramps, inebriates (the debased, degraded, corrupt and
useless wastrels of both sexes) as well as of the lunatics, idiots,
imbeciles, epileptics, inmates of poor houses and incurable hospitals,
etc. As for the causes of this decay. Dr. Butler-Hogan is of opinion
that much is to be answered for by the gradual!}^ inc/easing Urbanisa-
tion of our population with all its train of attendant evils — less pure
air, less sunshine, less healthy exercise, less wholesome diet, less rest,
but more hurry and worry, more noise, more artificial stimulation, more
exposure to the germs of disease. A second cause he finds in the
marriage of persons, one (at least) of whom is immature, or diseased,
or drunken. While a third and equally important factor he recognises
in the ignorance which prevails so largely regarding the elementary
rules of health.
In common with other Medical Officers of Health, Dr. Butlex--
Hogan deplores the continued decrease both in local and national
Birth Rates. But at the same time he feels that the qwility of the
vital output is of even more importatice than its quantity, and
considers that could we only feel that what has been lost in the latter
respect is being compensated for in the former, there would not, for the
present at least, be cause for any serious alarm. Unfortunately,
however, he finds that no such solace is possible. Comparing the
England of to-day with that of fifty years ago, a greater pi'oportion of
our population is now born undeveloped, starved physically and
mentally, becoming, when they do survive infancy, a greater tax upon
the State than that which it has to pay for the national education or
national defence. What the Country needs, he declares, are children
who will grow — if they get the chance — to the full capacity and beauty
of manhood and womanhood.
A cure for many (jf the troubles which beset human life Dr.
Butler-Hogan considers might be found if the duties of all local
sanitary authorities were enlarged, and carried out with tact and zeal,
especially with regard to the food suppl}' of the people, milk and meat
being the articles of diet upon which ho would have the most strenuous
care exercised. Pie maintains that every considerable di-strict,
particularly where there are ci-owded jiopulations as in Tottenham,
should have a public abattoir. He is thoroughly aware that private
interests, well established custom and prejudice are all against the
reform. The local butcher who has his own little slaughter house, and
the local i-atepayer who, often a small man with limited means, looks
askance at any suggestion bringing possibly an increased demand ujjon
him in the form of additional rates to pay — these aud their friends are
against any proposal for a public abattoir.
But in such a matter Dr. Butler-Hogan most decidely considers
it a case when publicum honum pvivato est pra'ferendum. The
medical officer in authority whose Hfe is given to studying and
perfecting the means of defending the health of the people, knows
fully well the little private slaughter house is liable to become a serious
menace to the public health. The butcher can kill on his private
premises night or day, and frequently the work is done at night when
there is no opportunity of inspection and when the public cannot be
safeguarded ; whereas, if a public abattoir were provided, the killing
must be done entirely under inspection, the process would be safe-
guarded as regards cleanliness, and dirt and disease could be prevented
from working their dread havoc.
Whether or no this reform is likel}'' to be carried out in
Tottenham in the near future depends upon the public support accorded
Dr. Butler-Hogan in his official capacity. Butchers are now a
powerful, Avell-organised body. Certainly, they will want compensation
for the abolition of their slaughter houses, and at the time of this book
going to press a Bill is in contemplation for the purpose of fixing a fair
valuation in respect of such compensation. As regards the business
aspect of the question, Dr. Butler-Hogan hopes that in Tottenham a
public abattoir could be combined with a market place, so as to provide
for the cost of the upkeep and make it self-supporting.
Then again, on the question of the milk supply. Dr. Butler-
Hogan feels that although recent years have brought certain improve-
ments, we are yet throughout England a very long way off anything
like the ideal state of affairs. He reminds us that although almost
every individual unit of the population is more or less a consumer,
although milk is being taken in some form or other from morning to
night by rich and poor, young and old alike, yet the most scanty
means of protecting the public from any impurities being supplied with
it are at present provided by law, and those means only discover
mischief after its deadly effects have been allowed to exercise their
contaminating influences.
The sole power of inspection is on the part of the public
analyst who can only take samples from the retailers some hours after
the injurious matter has been admitted into the milk. Dr. Butler-
Hogan considers it astonishing that, considering the great consumption
of milk that takes place, and the greater consumption which should
take place, in the interests of the ])ub]ic liealth, there should be
allowed to exist the present haphazai'd method of bringing the milk
from the cow to the householder.
With his characteristic thorous^hness, Dr. Butler-Hogan would
go to the root of the whole inatter. He would begin by authorising
supervision for the purpose of enforcing the grooming of the cow.
At present, it is an unheard of thing for a cow to receive any
attention in this direction. In this uecfloct exists the beginning
of the peril. The udder gets surrounded by undesirable matter
which passes with the milk into the receiver. Again, it .should
not be left to chance or individual caprice as to the cleaulineSfJ of the
hands of the milker. This should become compulsory and inspection
authorised. Next, tlie cleanliness of the receiving can should be
closely watched. Negligence should become penal. After the
straining of the milk it should be equally compulsory for it to be
cooled to a temperature of forty degrees to prevent the multiplication
of germs. And so the career of the milk from a well groomed cow,
whose udders should be constantly inspected as a safeguard against
uncleanliness, to the householder's table, should be complete at every
point, whether in the railway train, in the wholesale dairy, the
receiving depot, or iu the milk retailer's premises and utensils.
Dr. Butler-Hogan also considers it is of vital importance that
the local authority should have power to prevent the sale of milk in
small, undesirable retail shops where, as now frequently happens, milk
is sold to the poor from a more or less unclean utensil, surrounded by
the dust and grime resulting from the proximity of sugar, oil, candles
and the stock of a small general retail dealer. To people of all ages
and of all stations milk is a most valuable article of diet, and too much
care cannot be taken by the State in respect of its preservation from
anything and everything that can render it impure.
But until these larger reforms can be carried out, Dr. Butler-
Hogan does his utmost by means of constant advice to the liouseholders
of Tottenham to encourage them to protect themselves as far as
possible. He explains that the householder's first precautionary step
should be to exercise careful judgment when choosing the milkman ;
secondly, to see that the household storage place and appurtenances
are clean and suitable and that the milk is always kept covered from
the attacks of flics and other insects. The Hy iu particular, he reminds
his readers, is an extraordinary menace to public health. Its notorious
fondness for dirt and tilth makes it a winged messenger of evil as often
as it visits and poaches upon the domestic milk supply, for it always
carries with it the germs of dirt and disease. During the South
African War the fly was the means of conveying from one subject to
another the germs of enteric fever.
As will be seen, Dr. Butler-Hogan is an exceptionally keen
student and reformer in the matter of public health. With Horace
he most emphatically believes that
Pauper enim non est cui rerum suppetit usu',
Si ventri bene, si lateri pedibusque tuis, nil
Divitise poterint regales addere majus.
Prominent amongst his axioms Dr. Butler-Hogan places one
which insists that " cleanliness and temperance are passports to good
health." One of his chief duties he considers to be the proper
safeguarding of " the Little Ones," and to this end he never tires of
insisting that if England's very serious infantile mortality is to be
checked it is most important to have (a) Parents with healthy bodies
and healthy habits ; (h) A milk supply drawn from healthy and
well-groomed cows ; (c) Healthy homes, including clean floors
and walls ; (d) The compulsory education of senior girls in our
schools in the principles of elementary hygiene and domestic
economy necessary in the feeding of infants and the general
management of a home. Dr. Butler-Hogan points out '' it is
unfortunately a fact that children under five years of age die
two or three times as fast in our large centres of population as in
rural districts and small towns, and that upwards of 1,500 children
die annually in the County of Middlesex whose lives could be and
ought to be saved. Not only could these lives be preserved, but the
measures taken to strengthen the weak would tend to make others
strono-er, they would become from the outset better able to fight the
battle of life, and increased physical strength would invariably produce
corresponding increase in mental and moral vigour and a general all-
round improvement."
Dr. Butler-Hogan is equally emphatic in emphasising that "the
hygienic reform of the future must depend almost entirely for its
success upon the proper education of the children in our schools, and
our aims must be to make them citizens of good moral and physical
stamina, which is tlie most valuable and abiding of all national assets.
Our efforts are but too often wasted in attempting to teach their elders,
over whom the forces of old custom reign supreme. Since then their
ignorance is generally invincible, our duty is to capture the children,
and enrol them in the cause of Public Health. We must not expect
too much from Public Health legislation, for however good and wise it
may be, it is of little service unless it can be backed up by effective
local administration. At the present day, such administration is too
often inhibited by that enemy to all progress — the ogre of Expense.
Prejudice, apathy, ignorance, selfishness, and vested interesis, still
exist as bars to sanitary progress, and they clog the wheels alike of
legislation and administration. The solution of many public health
problems, means the solution of problems which are at once social and
political. The Public Health worker can scarcely hope for a complete
realisation of his schemes and ambitions, and to his labours tliere can
be no end. But his reward is the satisfaction of witnessing, almost
daily, some beneficent result from his work, and it is this that
stimulates and eives him zest."
^'
On the general question of alcoholic drink. Dr. Butler-Hogan,
as a public Medical Officer, attributes no small degree of the trouble he
has to deal with to the drink habit. Alcohol, he insists, has no dietary
value. Its use exists as a drug, pure and simple. Consumption,
overcrowding, infantile troubles and numerous assaults upon the public
health are to be directly traced to the drink habit. It is not that
people who ofl:end are necessarily drunkards, or even those who are
commonly known as excessive (h'inkers, but alcohol undermines the
public health. As an occasional drug its value is in helping a
constitution to tide over a temporary physical difficult3\ ISut any fillip
given to the human system by alcohol is immediately followed by a
reaction. In the poorer portions of Tottenham, where the infantile
deathrate is troublesome. Dr. Butler-Hogan declares that those who go
to the root of the matter find that these cases occur where drink holds
sway, and not necessarily in the poorest and most destitute homes, but
in tho.se of all classes where drink is liberally resorted to.
In Tottenham, with its teeming population, one of the perils to
the public health arises from the constant tendency to overcrowding and
great vigilance has to be exercised by Dr. Butler-Hogan's department
to see that this evil is not permitted to gain a hold. This involves a
system of night inspection, particularly in the districts containing a
foreign population. Tottenham has at least one alien colony in its
midst. This is in tlie neighbourhood of The Hale, which is colloquially
known as Little Russia, on account of the considerable settlement
there of the Czai"'s subjects.
At the present time Dr. Butler-Hogan is endeavouring to secure
the adoption by his Council of authority of considerable importance in
relation to the scourge of consumption. lie is strongly in favour of a
certain number of beds being taken at the Mount Vernon Sanatorium,
in the absence of a County Scheme. It is, he thinks, exceedingly
regrettable that the project for the proposed County Sanatorium for
Middlesex could not be carried to a successful completion. He
considers that such an institution could have been made a great
success throughout the County, one of its considerable benefits
consisting in the fact that it would materially assist in educating
the people at large to the importance of fresh air, exercise and
cleanliness in personal habits. But, at any rate, Dr. Butler-Hogan is
determined that Tottenham shall have the full benefit of his own
research on this matter. As we have said, in respect to the local cases
of consumption which can be cured (not being in the last or fatal stages
of the disease), he is recommending his Council to secure accommodation
at the Mount Vernon Sanatorium ; while as regards hopeless cases in
the district he is urging that steps should be taken to ensure their
isolation, as the presence of a consumptive in the family is an injustice
to every other member of the household. In 1906 there are certainly
at least five cases at Tottenham of patients in the last stage of this
disease living at home with their families and the whole family living
in one room! How can each wife and the children expect to escape ?
Vigilance on the part of the Medical Officer is of the first
importance in the matter of detecting incipient consumption. Dr.
Butler-Hogan has established a bacteriological department, and he
encourages all medical practitioners in the district and, indeed, any
private individual, to send for his scrutiny in that department any
suspicious matter which suggests consumption, or any other infectious
disease, as having attacked a patient.
In his public work Dr. Butler Hogan attaches special value to
the assistance he now receives from two ladies attached to his staff.
One is a lady sanitary inspector who looks after all female labour
employed in local workshops, or in any capacity. The second is a lady
health visitor who devotes her time more particularly to watching the
young children, especially those under one year of age. The
discharge of her public duties calls for infinite tact and resource, but
they are carried out with pronounced success to the great advantage of
the infantile health of Tottenham.
Again, the public health of Tottenham is guarded by a visit
from Dr. Butler-Hogan, usually once in each week, to every school in
the district, for Dr. Butler-Hogan is the Medical Officer to the
Education Authority. In this capacity he is a ceaseless advocate for
the adoption of the highest possible hygienic standard in the provision of
accommodation for — and the personal management of — the pupils. In
the main, he is now very well satisfied with the health of the children
MRS, BDTLER-HOGAN.
and considers tliat, having regard to the nature of the district, they are
reasonably well nourished. For cases requiring aid, provision is made
by means of a voluntary soup kitchen in the Stamford Hill School,
and similar arrangements Dr. Butler-Hogan would like to see
introduced into the Lower Ward for exceptional eases. But as regards
the great majority of cliildren in this immense working clas.s
constituency, he finds that they are fivirly well cared for by their
parents. Dr. Butler-Hogan believes in parental responsibility and
thinks it would be a mistake to adopt any sweeping rule for providing
free meals systematically for all school children alike.
But what he considers of supreme importance is that the
mentally afflicted children should be separated from the great
congregation of other scholars, so that they might be taught by
special teachers. For this purpose he would like to see in Tottenham
three separate schools assigned for such children. These schools need
not be specially built as there are existing ones, portions of which are
suitable for the purpose.
Like all his confreres, Dr. Butler-Hogan of course prepares
annually for the Tottenham District Council, and also the Education
Committee, a report upon the year's health of the District. In various
parts of the country we have perused many such reports, and we have
been particularly impressed with the luminous manner in which
Dr. Butler-Hogan ))resents his matter. His reports are most
voluminous, but unlike so many others of their kind, are not by any
means a dry-as-dust collection of hard facts, baldly ))resented. On
the contrary, his are so graphically written, and his fertile ideas are in
them so clearly set fortli, that to read them is an intellectual pleasure,
as well as the means of gaining a vast amount of sanitary and hygienic
knowledge most useful in ordinary, everyday life.
In addition to such reports. Dr. Butler-Hogan has also published
an interesting pamphlet on "The Smallpox Epidemic, 1901-2," another
on " Important Methods in the Treatment of Smallpox," and also a
work on " Sanitary Dwellings," besides having contributed to various
publications articles on "The Lives and Homes of the _ London
Working Classes," " Locomotion after Rupture of the Liver : A
Medico-Legal Question," " School Hygiene," and " Causes of Physical
Deterioration."
Dr. Butler-Hogan married in 1889 Miss Jeanette Josephine
Ryan, of Cork, and has now a family of five.
We have touched upon only a few typical details in the life of this
skilful, ever vigilant, conscientious public officer, but we have said
sufficient to indicate how full are his days of strenuous public endeavour
to protect the health of the older generation and to secure for the younger
generation improved stamina and the old-fashioned sturdy British
physique. Of Dr. Butler-Hogan's opinion of his office we can find no
better expi-ession than that given in his own words, taken from the
above-mentioned "Sanitary Dwellings," where he points nut that
— " There can be no holier or higher ambition than this, to ameliorate
the Health of the People, not only from a physical but also from a
mental and moral standpoint; it is the aim alike of the true Pastor
and the good Physician, of the truest patriotism and the most perfervid
philanthropy."
ALDERMAN E. W. SLOPER.
fliderman €♦ W, Sloper
|R. EDWIN WILMOTT SLOPER was born at Wivelis-
combe on August Gth, 1865, and was educated at the Church
College, Taunton, and at the Devon County School, West
Buckland. He entered business as a bank clerk in Bristol
in 1882 and eight years later he came to London. He now fills the
responsible post of sub-accountant in the British Bank of South
America, in Moorgate-street.
Mr. Slojjer was early attracted to local politics and Municipal
work. He first came into prominence as Secretary of the Harringay
Conservative Association. In 1894 he was elected a member of the
first Hornsey District Council and his ability found all but instnnt
recognition. In 1896 he was again elected, and thrice subsequently
he was returned unopposed, while at the election immediately fol-
lowing the receipt of the Charter of Incorporation, he gained the
second highest number of votes in the election of Aldermen.
Mr. Sloper was one of the first to recognise the insufficiency of
the method of keeping accounts prescribed by the Local Govern-
ment Board. It was in great measure due to his continued advocacy
that that .system was supplemented by others more suited to the
needs of the local governing body and that, finally, an accountant was
appointed.
The first Hornsey Councillor to move in the matter of obtaining
Incorporation was Mr. Sloper, who did much to help in securing
o
the Charter. He is now, and has been for some years, the Chairman
of the Highways and Lighting Committee of the Borough, and his
great desire is to see the Town Council maintain its reputation for
disinterested work in the service of the pubHc. Wlien Alderman
Lawson was elected the first Mayor, Alderman Sloper was named
as Deputy Mayor and he has since twice declined the honour of
Mayoralty.
For a brief period Mr. Sloper represented Hornsey on the
Middlesex County Council, but he resigned in consequence of lack
of lime and under a conviction that to do the work of the Count}'
fittingly it was necessary to be a man of leisure. He also served for
some years as a member of the Hornsty Charity Trustees.
During the rather anxious period in 1903, when the School
Board for Hornsey was giving place to the newly-constituted Edu-
cation authority, Mr. Sloper achieved a great success by reason
of his tactful guidance of the Education Committee and there was
general regret when, having seen it settling to its work he resigned
the chair and again confined himself to the ordinary work of the
Town Council.
Early in 1903 Mr. Sloper was elected as one of the Hornsey
representatives on the Board of Trustees of the Alexandra Palace
and in this connection he has done a great deal of good work. It was
largely the result of his vigorous advocacy that the meetings of the
Trustees have been thrown open to the Press — a steji calculated to
ensure jmblic confidence in the administration of that important trust.
Although Mr. Sloper devotes so much time to i\Iunici2jal work,
he yet finds leisure in the evenings to edit a Fashion paper which
has the largest circulation in South America and which is published
in two editions — one in Spanish and the other in Portuguese. An
ardent cyclist, the exigencies of public life are such that Mr. Sloper
has had to cut down his wheeling to a minimum and he has now
practically but one hobby, the collection of foreign stamps, which he
has pursued from boyhood. Formerly he was devoted to Rugby
football, and before coming to London used to play regularly for the
Bristol Kugby L'lub.
Mr. Sloper, who resides at 226, Stapleton Hall-road, Stroud
Green, is married, and has three children,
W. H. PEESCOTT, Esq., A.M,I.O.E., M.I.M.E., F.S.L, &c.
William Bcnrp Prescott, €$q.,
ii.m.i.c.e., m.i.m.e., f.$.!., etc.
f AID Cecil of Sir Walter Raleigh—" He can toil terribly."
Such strenuous work as is depicted in these words has Mr.
Prescott done for Tottenham. Early and late he has
laboured to cope with the ceaseless requirements of his office,
for with a District like Tottenham in which the population, already
dense, is constantly on the increase, the man who holds the important
post of Engineer and Chief Surveyor needs to be indefatigably active.
Without such able and skilled men as he to bestow their expert
knowledge upon the troubles and necessities of everyday life, civilised
existence in large centres would quickly become an absolute impossi-
bility. Yet it is somewhat seldom that their intricate assistance in
such matters is adequately acknowledged by the mass of the public,
despite the fact that as a consequence of their ceaseless thought for
the general welfare
" More sorvants wait on man,
Than he'll take notice of."
Brains and industry almost always tell in every walk of life.
A review of Mr. Prescott's career reminds us that there exists no bar
to a boy's advancement in England, his progress being largely in his
own hands. Mr. Prescott has every reason to be proud of the fact
that his distinguished positions have each been gained solely as the
result of his own independent efforts and persistent culture of the gifts
with which Nature endowed hiui.
To-day, in the early prime of life, Mr. Prescott is recognised
throughout the length and breadth of the land as being practically at
the head of his profession. Yet he entered upon his career only at
the completion of an ordinary Grammar School curriculum. The same
educational advantages which were his are the common lot of
thousands and hundreds of thousands of British lads to-day. The
secret of his success undoubtedly lies in his firm belief in the truth
contained in the words of the old aphorism, nam et ipsa scientia
potestas est, and in the determination which has been his from his
school days that, at whatever cost to himsolf, he would acquire that
knowledge which he realised as essential for his advancement. With
this end in view he chose his
" Path to a clear-purposed goal,
Path of advance."
By dint of close study, the tireless exercise of his ricli intellectual
gifts and as a consequence of constant application to his work, he has
made his mark as a brilliant member of his profession, a man who by
the repeated proofs he has given of exceptional ability has inscribed
his name firmly amongst " the Aristocracy of Talent."
Mr. Prescott was born in Lancashire and educated at Blackburn.
At the conclusion of his school days he became a pupil in the office
of the County Borough Engineer of Southampton. Upon the com-
pletion of his articles he was appointed Assistant Borough Engineer
and Surveyor to the County Borough of Grimsby. His next
promotion was to Darwen, wliither he went as Deputy Borough and
Water Engineer. While there he desio^ned and carried out a sewasfe
outfall scheme costnig over ,£70,000, as well as other important public
works. After three and a half years' service with the Darweu
Corporation, he received the appointment of Borough Engineer and
Surveyor to the Corporation of Reigate, for the benefit of whicH town
he designed and carried out public works involving an expenditure" of
over £200,000.
At the close of five years' service to Reigate, Mr. Prescott
came to Tottenham in September, 1900, as Engineer and Chief
Surveyor to the District Council. The six years during which he has
held this post have proved a time of exceptional responsibility and
activity, and Tottenham has gained inmieasurably from the unques-
tionably valuable expert industry Mr. Prescott has been able to apply
to its public aflairs.
It is not too much to say that during this period, from the
standpoint of an engineer and surveyor, the wliole district _ has
undergone a complete metamorphosis. In Mr. Prescott's position
only a strong man, robust alike in physical and intellectual health,
with his heart in his work and the enduring public good as his guiding
star could have surmounted the difficulties in the way, bringing into
perfectly smooth running order the affairs of a rapidly growing area
and dealing so satisfactorily with matters in which technical knowledge
and the ntcest accuracy have constantly been called upon to prove
their value. Experience has shown that whatever may be the affairs
with which Mr. Prescott has to cope, he is always rich in ideas, fertile
as to suggestions for carrying' them out, vigorous and able in the
execution of what may be decided upon.
Without attempting to enumerate all the large undertakings
which with his characteristic energy and progressive vigour Mr.
Prescott has successfuUv engineered from beginning to end, a few may
be mentioned by way of illustration. He has accomplished the
picturesque laying out of the two additional parks which have been
added to the District— the Chestnuts and the Downhills. The whole
of the tramway system has undergone electrification under his super-
vision. All the main thoroughfares have been paved with wood, at a
cost of £50,000. A refuse destructor has been erected at a cost of
£27 000. Municipal buildings, public baths and a fire station on The
Green are now owned by the District, having been built at a cost oi
£75,000. A motor fire station at Harringay, a Central Depot and
workshops at Tottenham have been constructed at an expenditure of
£18,000, besides numerous branch depots.
Such undertakings have all been carried through by Mr.
Prescott in addition to the ordinary routine public work of his
Department, the expenditure connected with which averages £80,000
per annum. The outside staff alone numbers between six and seven
hundred men, for the supreme supervision of whose work Mr. Prescott
is solely responsible.
One of the public matters in which Mr. Prescott proved his
mettle as a man who, working for the public good, has ever been
" Prepared to task his strength to the uttermost
In furtherance of a certain aim,"
was that connected with the transfer of the Council's water undertaking
to the New Metropolitan Water Board. When the late Conservative
Government brought in their Water Bill for the acquisition of the
Metropolitan Water Companies, Tottenham was not included in the
project. Instantly the vigilance and professional keenness of Mr.
Prescott became excited. He at once fully appreciated the menace
which this might imply to the future water supply of Tottenham. If
nothing were or could be done, he foresaw that the policy of the
Government would result in Tottenham becoming surrounded by the
water area of a new and extremely powerful Water Board, able to
foster enterprises which would tap the sources of Tottenham's supply.
Mr. Prescott saw quite clearly the direction in which the
interests of Tottenham lay. The Government Bill must be opposed.
Under his advice the Government were first of all appealed to. But
they were obdurate. Therefore, fiiiling to secure redress and
consideration by friendly means, it was necessary to wage war against
the Government Bill. This on the part of one comparatively
uninfluential District like Tottenham was no small order. But such
are the occasions when men of natural power and genius prove their
worth. Mr Prescott spared no effort during a period of many
months. In order to defeat the Government he had to prepare
himself, as the only expert witness, to stand up before the House of
Lords Committee. He had to be ready on every point with every
piece of technical information, correct and tested, so that the legal
giants espousing the Government cause should not be able to trip
him up.
For nine months Mr. Prescott was working night and day
searching into and becoming familiar with all the intricate details of
every contract previously entered into by the Tottenham Local
Authority during the entire past history of the Tottenham Water
Undertaking. Numerous contracts and countless documents had to be
studied. Without enlarging further upon this important and historic
combat, sufllce it to say that Mr. Prescott was able to maintain his
ground in the witness box. He satisfied the House of Lords of the
justness of the position taken up on behalf of Tottenham. It was
consequently ordered that Tottenham should be included in the new
water area, with the result that the ultimate arbitration ended in verv
heavy compensation being paid to the Council, the amount being
sufficient to extinguish all the existing loans and debts in connection
with the Water Works, and to leave a net profit of £40,000 to go to
the relief ot the general local funds.
Those who have taken part in public life and who have been
concerned with the administration of Local and County affairs will
quickly appreciate the value of such services rendered to Tottenham.
Only a thoroughly capable and industricais Engineer, jjosscssed in a hiyh
degree of vigour, energy and ability, could have carried through so
difficult and arduous a conflict with the Government of the day.
Within two years of Mr. Prescott's arrival in Tottenham he
took in hand the new sew erage scheme for the District, which was
successfully completed at a cost of over £60,000.
In addition to being the Engineer to the Tottenham Council,
j\Ir. Prescott is Survej'or to the Tottenham Education Committee and
Consultino- Engineer to the Tottenham and Wood Green Joint
Drainage Board. For this authority he has recently carried out a
large and supplemental sewerage scheme costing over £50,000, which
was rendered necessary owing to the building of numerous workmen's
dwellings by the London County Council, who have provided in the
District housing accommodation for 40,000 persons. As a result, the
main sewerage system has required augmenting, it not being previously
of sufficient capacity to deal with the increased requirements for this
and other estates now being rajjidly developed in the Board's area.
Another particular in which Mr. Prescott has brought about a
decided improvement since he has been in Tottenham is in the matter
of the Council's stud. When he first took up his present appointments
the local authority onlj" o^\■ned souie half dozen horses, depending for
the greater part of their needs in this direction upon hired team
labour. Mr. Prescott has now organised a stud of eighty-four horses
which do all the Council's work, whilst everything required in
connection with this is made in the Council's own workshops.
A short time ago the Tottenham Council obtained an electric
light provisional order, and before this could be done the necessary
preliminaries kept Mr. Prescott busy arranging the details of the
scheme in conjunction with Mr. Hawtayne. The estimated cost of the
project was £7G,000. But the Council ultimately decided to transfer
their powers to the Metropolitan Electric Power Supply Company.
As a sequence to Mr. Prescott's energies in another direction,
the Tottenham Council are now entering into an agreement with the
London County Council for culverting that part of the river Moselle
which runs through the London County Council's above-mentioned
housing estate. This improvement will cost £7,000, and the work will
be executed by Mr. Prescott on behalf of the Tottenham Council at
the expense of the London County Council.
In connection with the electrification of the tramway system,
Mr. Prescott again showed how keenly he exercises his perceptions
and foresight for the purpose of securing in every way possible the
utmost advantage for Tottenham. It was upon his advice that the
Tottenham Council made it one of the conditions of their consent to
the passing of the Bill promoted by the Metropolitan Electric Tramwa3's
Company that the latter should make certain street widenings in the
main thoroughfares. It is expected that these improvements, costing
nearly i;lOO,000, will be begun on an early date, notices having already
been served by the Company for the acquisition of the ])roperties
affected. When completed, this action on Mr. Prescott's part
will have brought about another consiaicuous improvement greatly
tending to promote the public comfort and safety in Tottenham.
On another occasion Mr- Prescott prepared for his Council a
scheme for erecting houses for the working classes, at an estimated cost
of £126,000. But this undertaking is in abeyance at the present time
as the Council are reluctant to enter into competition with private
building enterprise and also in consequence of the great scheme being
carried out in the District by the London County Council.
That Mr. Prescott ranks very high in his profession is shown
by the fact that quite recently he was one of two candidates finally
selected from a number who applied for the post of City Engineer and
Surveyor of Birmingham, whilst he occupied a similar position when
the post of Engineer in Chief to the Metropolitan Water Board (at a
commencing salary of £2,500) was vacant. On a third occasion he
was one of three candidates finally selected for the position of Engineer
and Surveyor to the City of London. The view taken of his
qualifications by expert judges is very clearly shown by the fact that
the Corporation honoured him by making him a Freeman of the City.
Yet another indication of Mr. Prescott's eminence in his own
profession is found in his appointment as an Examiner for the Municipal
and County Engineers' Association. The Examiners are only twelve
in number and every new Municipal Engineer has to be passed by this
body before he can obtain his certificate of competency. The present
membership of the Association totals fifteen hundred.
From the brief glimpses here given of Mr. Prescott's multifarious
achievements, it will be gathered that his is a life of considerable
interest and certainly of large importance in the public welfare, for the
success of public work of great magnitude and value is constantly
depending entirely upon the accuracy of his professional judgment, his
skill and absolute probity.
That Mr. Prescott belongs to a gifted family is evidenced by
the fact that two of his brothei'S are also holding distinguished positions
in the public service in other parts of the country. One is the Solicitor
and Town Clerk of the Metropolitan Borough of Fulhara, who, it will
be remembered, some little time ago declined the oflfer of the Town
Clerkship of the City of Glasgow. The other brother is the Engineer
and Surveyor of Eastbourne.
Brilliant as are Mr. Prescott's present attainments, a much
larger and still more important career is only just opening before him.
He is already a student of Gray's Inn, is eating his dinners and will be
called to the Bar in the course of a year or two. It is easy to foresee
the great authority he will then become as a Barrister who is also an
admitted expert as an Engineer and Surveyor.
In yet another connection is Mr. Prescott likely to make his
mark in the future. When he cares to avail himself of opportunities
and chooses to exert his dialectic skill, he is a forcible speaker, capable
of uttering " thoughts that breathe and words that burn," and as he
takes a very keen interest in politics, those who know him sincerely
hope that his voice will one day be heard at St. Stephen's.
Believing that health is the condition of wisdom and that
exuberance of life physical and mental is the sequel to a wise indulgence
in healthy exercises, Mr. Prescott not merely privately follows his own
convictions on this subject, but gives them added value by 'publicly
supporting local movements m this direction. He takes a sjiecial
interest in the Baths, is President of the Tottenham Swimming Club
and also President of the Tottenham District Council Athletic Club.
He is a firm advocate of the importance of physical exercise, holding
that to stint the opportunities for manly indulgence in such would be to
invite the muscular to relapse into mental and general decrepitude. A
vigorous and healthy physical frame invariably aids an active and
pregnant mind. The moveless arm will stiffen into hopeless catalepsy,
while
" The athlete worsted in the Olympic games.
Gains strength, at least, for life."
Mr. Prescott married in December, f897, Miss Bessie Smith
Stanley, of Grappenhall, Cheshire, and his name and his wife's, like
those of Dr. and Mrs. Butler-Hogan, are household words amongst
the poor of Tottenham. Probably, neither ot these gentlemen nor
their wives realize the extent to which their deeds of thoughtful
phllanthrophy are freely and grateful)}^ mentioned throughout the
District. They are known as the sincere helpers of the indigent, of
whom Tottenham has more than its share, for there much is seen of
" the turbid ebb and flow of human misery." It is always easy to give
a cheap verbal expression of pity for the condition of those whose lot is
hard, but such cold comfort is not what these helpers of the poor mete
out to those who are being worsted in life's battle. It is common
knowledge that during the great distress of the winter of 1905
numerous Tottenham famillGS suffered acutely. Whilst in many official
and other circles academic discussions were pursued as to how best to
ameliorate the lot of those dragging on a miserable existence in a state
constantly verging upon starvation, Mr. and Mrs. Prescott, and Dr. and
Mrs. J3utler-Hogan, were quietly active lightening the hardships of
many of the deserving poor in their neighbourhood. Such acts of
practical and well timed charity, performed with the grace and courtesy
which give them an added charm, live in the hearts of the many
distressed families with whom the names of these generous helpers are
synonymous with " the true friends of the poor."
J. BOX, Esq., Mayor of Ealing, 1905-6.
Joseph BoXt esq-
lEN such as Mr. Joseph Box, of Avenue Lodge, Ealing,
may be truly said to be the salt of public life— by then-
work and their example they keep it sweet ! With no
^ personal object to serve, they spend themselves freely in the
ijublic service— their only reward the sense of having done what seems
to them a plain duty -the duty of bearing a part of the burdei. o
discharging the functions which are essential to the hie of organised
communities.
Mr Box was born in London on April 2Gth, 1840, and is the
eldest surviving son of the late Mr. Eobert Dixon Box, who ^yas
descended from one of the oldest Yorkshire families, who for smnething
like two hundred years were members of the " bociety of Friends.
He was educated at a private school, and, entc^ring business lite early,
devoted thirty-four years to commerce, before retiring to enjoy the traits
of his industry. But even during these thirty-four years he found time
to serve for seventeen years as honorary auditor of the accounts of the
Vestry of St. James's, Westminister, and to act as a manager of the
parochial schools.
Upon his retirement from business, he lived first at Averley
Tower, Farnham, removing in 1891 to Ealing, where he has spent
fifteen years in active service on behalf of the people among whom he
lives.
He was quickly recognised as an acquisition to the neighbour-
hood, and it was not long before a congenial field was found for the
exercise of his talents. In 1892 he was elected one of the representatives
of Ealing on the Brentford Board of Guardians, and he at once
applied himself with characteristic enthusiasm and thoroughness to the
work of that important body. He was made Chairman of the
Infirmary Committee, and it was under his personal supervision that
the fine building opened ten years ago by the Duchess of Teck
was planned and erected.
In I 900 he was elected Vice-Chairman of the Board, and two
years later he succeeded to the Chairmanship upon the retirement of
Mr. B. Hardy. This office he held for three years, when (according to
a Standing Order of the Board) he was compelled to relinquish it, he
was prevailed upon to again take the post of Vice-Chairman. On the
death of his successor in the chair, he resumed the work of presiding
over the deliberations of the Board until the end of the official year,
when he was again elected to the Vice-Chairmanship — a jjosition he
still holds. A strong temperance man, he founded a Band of Hope at
the Poor-Law Schools in 1896.
In the same year as he first became a Guardian, he also became
honorary secretary of the Ealing Cottage Hospital, and he held that
office for eleven years, until, in fact, he was elected Chairman of the
General Committee of the Hospital in 1903. Among all the institutions
with which he is connected there is none whose interests lie nearer his
heart than the Cottage Hospital.
The year 1893 saw Mr. Box returned as a member of the Ealing
Local Board, and he remained a member of the local authority until
1898, when, with a good many other members, he lost his seat in
consequence of his opposition to the introduction of electric tramways.
In 1901, however, the district was incorporated by Royal Charter as
a municipal borough, and at the first election of Town Councillors Mr.
Box was successful at the polls. He was at once made Chairman of
the Finance Connnittee — a responsible position which he continues to
hold — and his knowledge of accounts was put to further test by his
nomination by successive Mayors as their auditor. He was elected an
alderman in 1902, and on November 9th, 1905, he became Mayor of
the Borough. At the time of writing, his mayoralty is drawing to a
close, and it is safe to say that it will be remembered as one of th^
most successful in the history of the borough.
Mr. Box is a loyal member of the English Church, aud he has
served her in many offices — as warden of the Ealing Parish Church
from 1898-1904; as secretary of St. Mary's Provident Fund; as
representative of the Deanery on the London Diocesan Council of the
Church of England Temperance Society, and as a Vice-Chairman of that
body; as a member of the London Diocesan Conference from 1898-
1905 ; and as honorary secretary of the Ealing Deanery Church
Extension Association.
Mr. Box has always taken a great intei'est in the education of
the young, and he was treasurer to St. John's Schools at Ealing for
eleven years, and an active member of the Ealing Education
Association, which for thirty years saved Ealing the expense of a
School Board. Upon the creation of a Statutory Education
Committee for the Borough under Mr. Balfour's Education Act, Mr.
Box was made a member of it, and he acts as Chairman of the Finance
Sub-committee.
Space fails to enumerate the many other directions in which
Mr. Box finds outlet for his energy and zeal. A capable organiser, a
platform speaker of more than average merit, open-minded, there is no
cause which does not welcome his assistance, and no worthy one which
seeks it in vain.
Mr. Box is married, and has three sons and two daughters.
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EDWARD CROWNE, Esq.
eawara Crowne, esq.
H^
HIRTY-SEVEN years of continuous public service in the
same district covers a long span of human life and must
involve attention to a multiplicity of complex details, all
intended to add to the total sum of human happiness.
Mr. Edward Crowne is, as Clerk, the veteran officer of the
Tottenham Urban District Council. He first entered the public
service of the Distiict in 18G9, when he came from Greenwich. He
was then twenty-five years of age and had had a few years' experience
in the office of the Vestry Clerk at Greenwich.
When Mr. Crowne arrived in Tottenham its affiiirs were
managed by a small Local Board consisting of seven members, all of
whom have since died, namely, Dr. William Hall, who was the Chairman,
and Messrs. Edward Clark, Kirby, Tregellis, Robert Luke Howard,
John F. Lovering, and James Brickwell, who was then the Managing
Director of the Gas Company.
Thus Mr. Crowne has seen Tottenham evolve from a com-
paratively insignificant place to its present huge dimensions. In 1869
the population, including Wood Green, was under 18,000. To-day,
with a third of the old area cut off, Tottenham has a population of
130,000. In 1869 a penny rate produced something less than £200 ;
now the result is £1,830.
A punctilious man of great method, early imbued with diligent
habits, and having a genius for industry, nothing but the nicest
exactitude will satisfy Mr. Crowne in respect to attention to any public
work passing through his department. It would be superfluous to
enlarge upon the value to the community of tiie services rendered by
this experienced public officer. So multitudinous are the local interests
in the ensuring of which Mr. Crowne is incessantly concerned, that it
is impossible in a limited space to do more than briefly glance at a few
of them.
Probably, the most important large questions with the minutiae
of which he has had to deal for the benefit of Tottenham have
concerned the arrangements for the disposal of the sewage of the
District ; the fight against the Government Water Bill of 1904, which
ended triumphantly in the complete recognition of Tottenham's rights ;
the organization required in relieving the Unemployed under the Act
of 1905 and the provision and maintenance of a fire brigade which is
one of the finest in the countiy, owning better appliances and equi^J-
ment than London.
Evidence of the gratitude felt towards Mr. Crowne for the
consistent loyalty which he has shown in safeguarding the affixirs of
Tottenham was evinced on March 24th, 1906, when he w^as the recipient
of a public testimonial which took the form of a horizontal half length
portrait of himself (which is hung in the Council Chamber) and a
replica, painted by Mr. Frank Ogilvie, together with a splendidly
bound and artistically wrouglit album containing an address and the
names of the subscribers on vellum. At the same time a canteen of
solid silver of old English pattern was presented to Mrs. Crowne.
Mr. Crowne's leisure hours are few. In the past they have
been mostly devoted to Volunteer work. For twenty-five years he was
in the St. George's Corps and afterwards joined the London Rifle
Brigade. He is an enthusiastic Freemason, and has been Master of
the Eleanor Lodge (of which he is one of the four oldest members)
which formerly met at Tottenham but now has its reunions at the
Great Eastern Hotel, Liverpool Street. He is also a Grand Officer
for the Province of Middlesex in the Mark Degree.
Over a considerable number of years Mr. Crowne encouraged
and aided the Choral Society attached to the Parish Church, for which
he was in the earlier times a sidesman ; but since the Mission Church
of St. Philip the Apostle has been opened, he has identified himself
with its work and now fills a similar position there. ^
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